New cryptic species of Teratosphaeria on Eucalyptus in Australia
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oi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.05
Vera Andjic1, Aaron Maxwell1, Giles E. StJ. Hardy1, and Treena I. Burgess1,2 School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South St, Murdoch, 6150, Australia; corresponding author e-mail: v.andjic@ murdoch.edu.au 2 Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa 1
Abstract: Teratosphaeria destructans and T. viscida are serious pathogens causing leaf, bud and shoot blight diseases of Eucalyptus plantations in the subtropics and tropics of South-East Asia (T. destructans) and North Queensland, Australia (T. viscida). During disease surveys in northern Western Australia and the Northern Territory of Australia, symptoms resembling those of T. destructans were observed on young and adult leaves of native and plantation Eucalyptus spp. and its hybrids. Phylogenetic studies revealed Teratosphaeria species associated with these symptoms are new taxonomic novelties described here as T. novaehollandiae and T. tiwiana spp. nov. Isolates from previous records of T. destructans recorded in Australia were re-examined and based upon the phylogenetic evidence are reassigned to these new taxa. We conclude that T. destructans is absent from Australia.
ART I CLE
New cryptic species of Teratosphaeria on Eucalyptus in Australia
Key words: biosecurity DNA phylogeny Kirramyces
Article info: Submitted: 25 February 2016; Accepted: 6 October 2016; Published: 20 October 2016.
INTRODUCTION Teratosphaeria leaf diseases (TLD; Crous et al. 2006, Hunter et al. 2006, Crous 2009, Crous et al. 2009a, b) have emerged as significant foliar diseases impacting on the eucalypt plantation industry in subtropical and tropical areas of Australia (Carnegie et al. 2007a, b, c). Teratosphaeria species with kirramyces-like asexual morphs have emerged as the most significant foliar pathogens of this genus; namely T. destructans, T. eucalypti, T. pseudoeucalypti, T. suttonii, and T. viscida (Wingfield et al. 1996, Park et al. 2000, Carnegie 2007a, b, Andjic et al. 2010a). These five species cause a serious leaf blight disease, leading to premature defoliation and in some instances tree mortality (Andjic et al. 2007b, 2010a, Carnegie 2007a, b, c). Symptoms are similar and include brown to purple spots on leaves with diffuse border and red brown margin, necrotic lesions delimited by veins and presence of spore masses and conidia (Dick 1982, Walker et al. 1992, Wingfield et al. 1996, Burgess et al. 2006, Andjic et al. 2007a, b, c, Andjic et al. 2010a). Conidia of these species are all long, variously curved, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth to verruculose and are virtually indistinguishable by morphology (excluding T. suttonii), thus making diagnostics based on morphology impossible (Andjic et al. 2010b, Hunter et al. 2011). Teratosphaeria destructans is an aggressive pathogen causing a leaf, bud and shoot blight disease (Wingfield et al. 1996). This pathogen was first discovered in Indonesia in 1996 and has since been detected in Thailand, China, Viet
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