New Insights into the Occurrence of Micropollutants and the Management and Treatment of Hospital Effluent
This chapter deals with investigations carried out over the last 5 years on hospital effluent in terms of the occurrence of micropollutants; new and promising technologies tested to improve the removal of key compounds (including emerging contaminants); t
- PDF / 651,971 Bytes
- 44 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 105 Downloads / 205 Views
Contents 1 Introduction 2 Investigations into the Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in Hospital Effluent 3 Investigations on Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Bacteria (ARG and ARB) 4 Investigations on Hospital Effluent Management and Treatments 5 Prioritisation: Environmental Risk Assessment of PhCs in HWW 6 Strategies in HWW Management and Treatments: Lessons Learned from Singular Experiences 7 The Need for Further Debate and Research References
Abstract This chapter deals with investigations carried out over the last 5 years on hospital effluent in terms of the occurrence of micropollutants; new and promising technologies tested to improve the removal of key compounds (including emerging contaminants); the environmental and health risk assessments of pharmaceutical residues and pathogens; and, finally, some of the strategies adopted in hospital effluent management and treatments through the discussion of some case studies. It emerges that the occurrence and treatment of hospital effluent are becoming issues of increasing concern also for countries such as Morocco, Tunisia, Iran and Colombia, whose research groups had not actively participated in the worldwide debate thus far. Their interest in these topics highlights the shared, global awareness of the need to adopt safe, economic and technically feasible technologies for the treatment of hospital effluent to reduce the impact on the aquatic environment of hazardous substances typically administered or used in healthcare facilities. The experiences reported and discussed herein demonstrate the worldwide efforts that have been P. Verlicchi (*) Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy e-mail: [email protected] Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz, Paqui Blánquez Cano, and Montserrat Sarrà Adroguer (eds.), Removal and Degradation of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Wastewater Treatment, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_677, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
P. Verlicchi
made and are still ongoing with the aim of reaching Sustainable Millennium Goal number 6 “Improve Clean Water and Sanitation” by 2030, as defined by the World Health Organization. Keywords Environmental risk assessment, Hospital effluent, Management, Occurrence, Pharmaceuticals, Removal
Acronyms AOP AOX ARB ARG CPE CRE DOC DOX EQS ESBL FC FIB FS GAC HF HWW LOD MBBR MBR MDR MDRB MEC MLSS MLVSS MTP MTPA NF NSAID O3 OLR PAC PNEC RO RQ SMBR
Advanced oxidation process Adsorbable organic halide Antibiotic-resistant bacteria Antibiotic-resistant gene Carbapenemase-producing bacteria Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Dissolved organic carbon Doxorubicin Environmental quality standards Extended-spectrum β-lactam Faecal coliform Fecal indicator bacteria Flat sheet Granular activated carbon Hollow fibre Hospital wastewater Limit of detection Moving bed biofilm reactor Membrane bioreactor Multidrug resistance Multidrug-resistant bacteria Measured environmental concentration Mixed liquor suspended solid Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids Metoprolol Metoprolol acid Nanofiltration
Data Loading...
