New Materials Optimization Process in Tomato
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NEW MATERIALS OPTIMIZATION PROCESS IN TOMATO Luz E. Marín Vaca1, Oscar G. Villegas Torres2, Sergio Luna Lugo2, Miguel Aguilar Cortes1, Nadia Lara Ruiz1, Martha Lilia Domínguez Patiño3. 1 ECentro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos 62209, México. 2 Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos,62209 México. 3 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209, México. ABSTRACT The protected agriculture has gained great importance worldwide in the past 10 years. For example in the case of production in greenhouse conditions, that records an annual growth of 20%. An important aspect greenhouse production is the medium used for growth of the plant, which may be an organic or inorganic substrate. One of the advantages of the use of regional substrates is the availability and lower cost, and further organic in gives the tendency to manage sustainable production systems. The organic substrates alone or in mixtures improve conditions for plant growth in terms of physical, chemical and biological as a perspective. A wide variety of materials that can be used as agricultural substrates, but there are criteria to be considered for its election as: plant requirements, conforming as possible to the ideal characteristics of a substrate and effect on the environment. Overall, we can summarize that a substrate for growing plants is any material that can provide attachment, oxygen and enough water for optimal development of the same, or in nutrient case requirements can be covered with a single material or combination with others. In this paper the tomato crop is presented comparing two production systems to determine the yield and fruit quality under plastic cover, high densities of drip irrigation and using the tezontle as substrate, as this provides good drainage, almost no contribution nutrients and slightly neutral PH. And also allows us to transplant to a larger pot without disturbing the root and provides the necessary aeration.
INTRODUCTION In last years, Mexico has made significant development in horticultural production systems in greenhouses, in 2010 the surface of these, exceeded 11 000 hectares with a tendency to grow in the coming years. According to SAGARPA, 50% of the surface with protected agriculture is concentrated in the states of Sinaloa 22%, 14% Baja California, Baja California Sur Jalisco 12% and 10%, where the main crops grown are tomato (70%), pepper (16%) and cucumber (10%). Because of these situations, there is a great demand for substrates, which are a key component in the production of these vegetables. Currently, there is a renewed interest in the well, diseases become less of a problem relevance and soil culture is an attractive possibility.
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The studies using fertigation production results show tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum Mill.) Open from 59 to 61.2 tonnes per hectare field1, whereas in greenhouse production is from 192 to 262 tonnes per hectare2, of marketa
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