New set of candidate gene SNPs and microsatellites to disentangle selective and neutral processes shaping population res
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TECHNICAL NOTE
New set of candidate gene SNPs and microsatellites to disentangle selective and neutral processes shaping population responses of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to anthropogenic stress and contrasted environments Nicolas Pe´dron1,2 • Romain Morvezen1 • Alan Le Moan1 • Bruno Guinand3 Jose´-Luis Zambonino-Infante1,2 • Jean Laroche1 • Gre´gory Charrier1
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Received: 3 September 2015 / Accepted: 7 September 2015 / Published online: 18 September 2015 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
Abstract Six candidate gene SNP assays and 12 new microsatellites were developed in the European flounder (Platichthys flesus), in order to provide new tools to (1) further investigate signatures of selection suspected on candidate genes, and (2) better depict the neutral evolutionary background shaping the differentiation of populations. All markers were successfully tested in two populations from contrasted estuaries, and should be helpful to better understand the possible adaptive responses of flounder populations to anthropogenic pressures (e.g. global warming, eutrophication, pollutions), over the whole distribution range of the species. Keywords SNP European flounder Platichthys flesus GAPDH AMPD BHMT L-PGDS P53 Multiplexes The preservation of estuaries is a major concern for the conservation of numerous marine fishes, since they constitute important nursery grounds (Vasconcelos et al. 2011). However, estuaries are particularly exposed to anthropogenic pressures such as global warming, eutrophication or chemical pollution (Rabalais et al. 2009). The European flounder (Platichthys flesus), is a flatfish which is & Nicolas Pe´dron [email protected] 1
LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS-UBO-IRD-Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Europe´en de la Mer, Technopoˆle Brest-Iroise, Universite´ de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzane´, France
2
Laboratoire d’Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unite´ de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Ifremer, Plouzane´, France
3
UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Universite´ de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
largely studied to understand the impact of multiple stresses on estuarine populations. Notably, signatures of selection have been suspected at several candidate genes in populations from contaminated estuaries (Marchand et al. 2010; Calve`s et al. 2013; Marchand et al. 2013). However, the possible role of these genes in the adaptive response of flounder populations remains to be investigated. New genotyping methods are especially required to analyze samples from both contaminated and uncontaminated estuaries over species’ distribution range. Additionally, the respective role of selective and neutral processes in shaping the phenotypic and genetic differentiation of populations among estuaries remains to be clarified. The present study aimed at (1) developing candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays that would enable the high-thro
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