Comprehensive analysis of polygalacturonase gene family highlights candidate genes related to pollen development and mal
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comprehensive analysis of polygalacturonase gene family highlights candidate genes related to pollen development and male fertility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Jiali Ye1 · Xuetong Yang1 · Zhiquan Yang1 · Fuqiang Niu1 · Yanru Chen1 · Lingli Zhang1 · Xiyue Song1 Received: 15 February 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Main conclusion Four polygalacturonase gene family members were highlighted that contribute to elucidate the roles of polygalacturonase during the fertility conversion process in male-sterile wheat. Abstract Polygalacturonase (PG) belongs to a large family of hydrolases with important functions in cell separation during plant growth and development via the degradation of pectin. Specific expressed PGs in anthers may be significant for male sterility research and hybrid wheat breeding, but they have not been characterized in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we systematically studied the PG gene family using the latest published wheat reference genomic information. In total, 113 wheat PG genes were identified, which could be classified into six categories A–F according to their structure characteristics and phylogenetic comparisons with Arabidopsis and rice. Polyploidy and segmental duplications in wheat were proved to be mainly responsible for the expansion of the wheat PG gene family. RNA-seq showed that TaPGs have specific temporal and spatial expression characteristics, in which 12 TaPGs with spike-specific expression patterns were detected by qRT-PCR in different fertility anthers of KTM3315A, a thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat. Four of them specific upregulated (TaPG09, TaPG95, and TaPG93) or downregulated (TaPG87) at trinucleate stage of fertile anthers, and further aligning with the homologous in Arabidopsis revealed that they may undertake functions such as anther dehiscence, separation of pollen, pollen development, and pollen tube elongation, thereby inducing male fertility conversion in KTM3315A. These findings facilitate function investigations of the wheat PG gene family and provide new insights into the fertility conversion mechanism in male-sterile wheat. Keywords Anther · Fertility conversion · Genome-wide · Male sterility · Pectin enzyme Abbreviations ADPG1(2) Arabidopsis Dehiscence zone polygalacturonase 1(2) PG Polygalacturonase TaPG Triticum aestivum Polygalacturonase gene
Communicated by Dorothea Bartels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03435-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lingli Zhang [email protected] * Xiyue Song [email protected]; [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Introduction Polygalacturonase (PG; EC 3.2.1.15) is a cell wallbinding protein that catalyzes the cleavage of α-(1,4)polygalacturonic acid in pectin. PGs can be classified as endo-polygalacturonase (endo-PG, E
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