Nine renal arteries in a Japanese female cadaver
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CASE REPORT
Nine renal arteries in a Japanese female cadaver Shuichi Hirai • Satoru Honma • Munekazu Naito Hayato Terayama • Shinichi Kawata • Masahiro Itoh
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Received: 2 June 2012 / Accepted: 29 October 2012 / Published online: 17 November 2012 Ó Japanese Association of Anatomists 2012
Abstract A rare case of multiple renal arteries was found in a 78-year-old female cadaver undergoing routine dissection. The characteristic findings in the cadaver included the presence of four right and four left renal arteries with one common trunk (a total of nine renal arteries). This variation may represent an immature form of complicated development of the renal arteries. Keywords Renal artery Renal vascular variation Mesonephric artery Common trunk
Introduction Knowledge of arterial variations of the kidney is clinically important, e.g., in renal transplantation surgery, vascular operation for renal artery stenosis, renal trauma and uroradiological procedures. Multiple renal arteries have been reported as the most common renal vascular variation (Pick and Anson 1940; Bergman et al. 1988). Satyapal et al. (2001) reported the incidence of multiple renal arteries as being seen in 32.1 % of males and 20.2 % of females. Furthermore, multiple renal arteries occurred more frequently on the left (left, 32.0 %; right, 23.3 %), and the bilateral incidence was approximately 10 % within 130 renal angiograms and 32 cadaver kidneys (Satyapal et al. 2001). Merklin and Michels (1958) compiled the S. Hirai (&) M. Naito H. Terayama S. Kawata M. Itoh Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan e-mail: [email protected] S. Honma Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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experiences of 45 authors who had examined a total of 10,987 kidneys. They reported that the incidences of two, three, and four multiple arteries in a unilateral kidney were approximately 20, 2, and 0 %, respectively. Later, Ozkan et al. (2006) reported that the incidence of unilaterally four renal arteries was 0.2 % in an angiographic evaluation of 855 patients. Adachi (1928) reported one case of five unilateral renal arteries in cadavers. In addition, Bergman et al. (1988) described five or six bilateral renal arteries. The presence of four left renal arteries and three right renal arteries (a total of seven renal arteries) was found on multidetector computed tomographic angiography (Rossi et al. 2006). Recently, Naito et al. (2011) reported the presence of three left renal arteries and five right renal arteries (a total of eight renal arteries) in a male cadaver. The present study reports four right and left renal arteries with one common trunk (a total of nine renal arteries) in a female cadaver undergoing routine dissection.
Case report The cadaver studied was that of a 78-year-old Japanese female who died of cardiac failure. The renal arteries and veins were observed specifically during a student course on gross anatomical dissection at Tokyo Medical University. The r
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