Nitrate reductase-dependent nitric oxide plays a key role on MeJA-induced ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucid
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ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Nitrate reductase-dependent nitric oxide plays a key role on MeJA-induced ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum Liang Shi 1 & Sining Yue 1 & Tan Gao 1 & Jing Zhu 1 & Ang Ren 1 & Hanshou Yu 1 & Hui Wang 1 & Mingwen Zhao 1 Received: 8 July 2020 / Revised: 29 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ganoderma lucidum, which contains numerous biologically active compounds, is known worldwide as a medicinal basidiomycete. Because of its application for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, most of artificially cultivated G. lucidum is output to many countries as food, tea, and dietary supplements for further processing. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been reported as a compound that can induce ganoderic acid (GA) biosynthesis, an important secondary metabolite of G. lucidum. Herein, MeJA was found to increase the intracellular level of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, upregulation of GA biosynthesis in the presence of MeJA was abolished when NO was depleted from the culture. This result demonstrated that MeJA-regulated GA biosynthesis might occur via NO signaling. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we used gene-silenced strains of nitrate reductase (NR) and the inhibitor of NR to illustrate the role of NO in MeJA induction. The results indicated that the increase in GA biosynthesis induced by MeJA was activated by NR-generated NO. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the reduction of NO could induce GA levels in the control group, but NO could also activate GA biosynthesis upon MeJA treatment. Further results indicated that NR silencing reversed the increased enzymatic activity of NOX to generate ROS due to MeJA induction. Importantly, our results highlight the NR-generated NO functions in signaling crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and MeJA. These results provide a good opportunity to determine the potential pathway linking NO to the ROS signaling pathway in fungi treated with MeJA. Key points • MeJA increased the intracellular level of nitric oxide (NO) in G. lucidum. • The increase in GA biosynthesis induced by MeJA is activated by NR-generated NO. • NO acts as a signaling molecule between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MeJA. Keywords Nitrate reductase . Nitric oxide . Methyl jasmonate . Ganoderma lucidum . Reactive oxygen species
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10951-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mingwen Zhao [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis: Fr.) P. Karst which produces many pharmacologically active compounds, is known as an important medicinal basidiomycetes in East Asia (Sanodiya et al. 2009
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