Nitroazoles: Synthesis, Structure and Applications

Nitroazoles: Synthesis, Structure and Applications is devoted to the chemistry of nitroazoles, a series of heteroaromatic compounds. The azoles’s unique biological properties have attracted increasing attention from chemists as the nitro derivatives of az

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Lyudmila Larina    Valentin Lopyrev ●

Nitroazoles: Synthesis, Structure and Applications

L. Larina V. Lopyrev Favorsky Irkutsk Institute Favorsky Irkutsk Institute   of Chemistry   of Chemistry Irkutsk Irkutsk Russia Russia [email protected] [email protected]

ISBN 978-0-387-98069-0 e-ISBN 978-0-387-98070-6 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-98070-6 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009930641 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Acknowledgments

We have received invaluable support from many people in preparing this book. We acknowledge helpful comments received from Drs. M. Larin, G. Dolgushin, T. Vakulskaya, and also kind assistance of Elena Petrova in translating our manuscript. This book would certainly not have reached completion without the loving encouragement and tolerance contributed over many years by Dr. Larina’s big and friendly family: daughter Polina, son Sergei, parents Polina and Ivan, sister Tatyana, brother Aleksei, daughter-in-law Maria, son-in-law Boris, and also all the grandchilds – Mikhail, Anastasiya, Anna, Stepan, Alexander, Leonid and Anatoly.

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Preface

The present monograph is devoted to the chemistry of nitroazoles, one of the most interesting series of heteroaromatic compounds. The azoles hold a special position in the chemistry of heterocycles. Their unique properties and specific biological activity attract much attention of research chemists all over the world. During the last years the interest in the chemistry of nitroazoles has increasing. The nitro derivatives of azoles have found a wide application in various fields of industrial chemistry, agriculture, and medicine. Medical products developed by nitroazoles incluce azomycin, metronidazole, misonidazole, tinidazole, nitazole, etc., ionic liquids, highenergy materials, synthons for nanocompounds, universal bases in peptide nucleic acids, plant growth regulators, and intermediates for organic synthesis. The investigations in the field of energetic compounds have received enormous interest in recent years. Energetic materials on the base nitroazoles – explosives, propellants, and pyrot