Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Affects Yield and Tuber Quality of Drip-Irrigated Tablestock Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.) G
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Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Affects Yield and Tuber Quality of Drip-Irrigated Tablestock Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) Grown under Subtropical Conditions Mildred N. Makani 1 & Lincoln Zotarelli 1
&
Steven A. Sargent 1 & Donald J. Huber 1 & Charles A. Sims 2
Accepted: 12 November 2020 / Published online: 17 November 2020 # The Potato Association of America 2020
Abstract The response to nitrogen (N) rate for two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars grown in a sub-tropical climate was evaluated during two spring seasons. Early-maturing tablestock potato cultivars, ‘Fabula’ and ‘Red LaSoda’, were grown using surface-drip irrigation. N fertilizer was applied through irrigation drip tape at 0, 112, 224, and 336 kg ha−1 of N. There was no difference of aboveground and tuber biomass accumulation between N fertilizer rates from 112 to 336 kg ha−1 of N during both growing seasons. Seasonal differences were observed in N recovery efficiency; in Season 1, apparent N recovery (ANR) was significantly higher for N rates of 112 and 224 kg ha−1 N for ‘Fabula’ and 112 kg ha−1 of N for ‘Red LaSoda’, respectively. In Season 2, there was no significant difference between ANR values among N rates between 112 and 336 kg ha−1 of N, for both cultivars. There was a significant interaction of N rate and growing season on total and marketable yields. In Season 1, average total and marketable yields for both cultivars increased from 9.8 Mg ha−1 with no N applied, to 25.8 Mg ha−1 with 224 kg ha−1 of N; no significant differences were observed at higher N rates. In Season 2, high early season rainfall likely depleted available soil N, resulting in decreased N recovery efficiency of plants and significantly lower yield compared to the previous season. N-fertilizer rates above 224 kg ha−1 of N did not increase total or marketable yields in both seasons. High rainfall events at the beginning of the Season 2 likely caused N stress and reduced tuber yields by 54% compared to the previous season. Results also highlighted the dominant effect of environmental conditions, particularly rainfall, on tuber yield and harvest quality response to N fertigation rate. Resumen Se evaluó la respuesta al nivel de nitrógeno (N) en dos variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivadas en un clima subtropical durante dos ciclos de primavera. Se cultivaron las variedades precoces para mesa ‘Fabula’ y ‘Red LaSoda’, utilizando riego por goteo superficial. Se aplicó el fertilizante nitrogenado en la cinta de riego por goteo a 0, 112, 224, y 336 kg ha-1 de N. No hubo diferencia de acumulación de biomasa aérea y de tubérculo entre los niveles de fertilizante de 112 a 336 kg ha-1 de N durante los dos ciclos de cultivo. Se observaron diferencias estacionales en la eficiencia de recuperación del N en el ciclo 1, la recuperación aparente de N (ANR) fue significativamente mayor para niveles de N de 112 y 224 kg ha-1 para “Fabula” y 112 kg ha-1 de N para “Red LaSoda”, respectivamente. En el ciclo 2 no hubo diferencia significativa entre los valores de ANR entre los niveles
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