NMR Studies of the Dynamics of 1D $$^3\hbox {He}$$ 3 He in $$^4\hbox {He}$$ 4 He Plated MCM-41
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NMR Studies of the Dynamics of 1D 3 He in 4 He Plated MCM‑41 C. Huan1 · J. Adams1 · M. Lewkowitz1 · N. Masuhara1 · D. Candela2 · N. S. Sullivan1 Received: 12 July 2019 / Accepted: 18 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pulsed NMR techniques have been used to study the dynamics of 3 He confined to the interior of the hexagonal nanochannels of MCM-41 for which the walls were coated with a monolayer of 4 He as determined by isotherm measurements. The 3 He was added afterward to form a 1D 3 He line density of about 0.1 A−1 , corresponding to a Fermi temperature of TF ∼ 120 mK. A distinct and appreciable departure from the Curie law was observed for the nuclear spin magnetization below 0.5 K. The temperature dependence of the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation times, T1 , for temperatures 0.05 < T < 2.5 K, followed the expected linear behavior at low temperatures, and a peak was observed at T ∼ 2TF consistent with the Luttinger liquid theory as predicted by Polini et al. (Phys Rev Lett 98:266403, 2007). The observed temperature dependence of the nuclear spin–spin relaxation times, T2 , differed considerably from that observed for T1 , with a minimum at T = 0.8 K, similar to the tendency reported by Matsushita and colleagues. Keywords Luttinger liquid · Magnetic resonance · One dimension
1 Introduction The confinement of quantum fluids ( 3 He , 4 He , H2 , HD) to nanoscale dimensions where the thermal de Broglie wavelength is comparable to the channel size has been predicted [1–4] to lead to new quantum states. In particular, strong correlations in 1D make all excitations collective and the properties of the system must be described in terms of Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid (TLL) physics [5–8]. Exploring these quantum states beyond electronic materials has generated a considerable * C. Huan [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
2
Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Low Temperature Physics
interest. Wada et al. [7, 8] have explored the existence of superfluidity in 1D 4 He in nanotubes, and the effects of degeneracy have been reported for 3 He in FSM-16 [9–12]. Yager et al. [13] have used NMR to show the spatial correlations of 3 He in MCM-41 scale with time t as t1∕2 at long times. Birchenko et al. [14, 15] have also reported on NMR studies of 3 He on nanostructured MCM-41 for temperatures above 1.4 K and notably observed two components for the spin diffusion which is consistent with our nuclear spin–spin relaxation studies at high temperatures [16]. Gatica et al. [17] have pointed out that in real experiments many quasi-1D fluids can exhibit higher-dimensional character as some degree of translational motion will exist. The advantages of the 3 He systems are that the density can be varied accurately over a wide range, the transverse dimension can be varied by preplating with 4 He (or Ne or Ar [18]), and the system is free from impuri
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