Helix Electrohydrodynamic Printing (HE-Printing)
Micro/nano serpentine/helical structures have significant applications in flexible/stretchable electronics, but challenges exist in manufacturing cost, efficiency and accuracy. Helix electrohydrodynamic printing (HE-Printing) has been proposed here to rea
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Helix Electrohydrodynamic Printing (HE-Printing)
Abstract Micro/nano serpentine/helical structures have significant applications in flexible/stretchable electronics, but challenges exist in manufacturing cost, efficiency and accuracy. Helix electrohydrodynamic printing (HE-Printing) has been proposed here to realize controllable direct-writing of large area, highly aligned serpentine micro/nanofibers by introducing the rope coiling effect into printing process. By manipulating the flying trajectory and solidification degree of the micro/nano jet, the solidified micro/nanofiber flying in a stabilized helical manner and versatile serpentine structures deposited on a moving substrate have been achieved. Systematic experiments and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the transformation behavior and the size changing rules for various deposited microstructures, and highly aligned serpentine microfibers were directly written by controlling the applied voltage, nozzle-to-collector distance and substrate velocity, demonstrating the potential of HE-Printing in stretchable electronics manufacturing.
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Introduction
The rapid development of stretchable electronics which can accommodate large strain has accelerated a range of new applications, such as epidermal electronics [1, 2], hemispherical bionic cameras [3], stretchable batteries [4] and implantable devices [5]. Of particular importance are the design and fabrication of stretchable architectures, such as buckled [6], serpentine [2, 7], self-similar [4], helical [8] and textile structures [9, 10], which enable devices to be stretched, compressed, twisted etc. Serpentine structures widely exist in our daily life, like plant tendrils and curled hair, and they have been recently considered as one of the dominating designs for stretchable architectures due to their excellent mechanical performance. Serpentine micro/nano structures are mostly fabricated through conventional micro/nano processing techniques, like lithography, etching and sputtering, which require special equipment and complex processes with high cost and low efficiency. With the development of solution-processable functional materials, printing techniques become attractive in large area pattern deposition and flexible electronics © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 Z. Yin et al., Electrohydrodynamic Direct-Writing for Flexible Electronic Manufacturing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4759-6_3
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3 Helix Electrohydrodynamic Printing (HE-Printing)
fabrication. However, traditional drop-on-demand inkjet printing still faces intractable problems in stretchable micro/nano serpentine structures generation, i.e. printing resolution and pattern quality. Inkjet printing has difficulty in depositing structures smaller than 20 lm; meanwhile, it is difficult to achieve continuous, uniform and smooth stretchable architectures through discontinuous drop-on-demand printing. How to fabricate micro/nano serpentine structures in a simpler, more cost-effective way is of significant importance. Electrohydrodynam
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