No significant transfer of the rare earth element samarium from spiked soil to alfalfa by Funneliformis mosseae
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
No significant transfer of the rare earth element samarium from spiked soil to alfalfa by Funneliformis mosseae Ruoyu Hu1 · Thierry Beguiristain1 · Alexis De Junet1 · Corinne Leyval1 Received: 17 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rare earth elements including samarium have been widely used in modern technologies in recent decades. Following overexploitation and soil contamination, they can accumulate in plants and be toxic at high concentrations. Arbuscular mycorrhizae benefit plants in metal-contaminated soils by improving their survival and growth and alleviating metal toxicity, but little information is available about soil contaminated by rare earth elements. We performed two experiments using samarium to study the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and samarium transfer to alfalfa in a samarium-spiked soil. A pot experiment was conducted in a soil spiked with two concentrations of samarium and a non-spiked control, inoculated or not with a metal-tolerant Funneliformis mosseae. A compartmented pot experiment was then performed with a separated compartment containing samarium-spiked sand only accessible by F. mosseae fungal hyphae to further study the transport of samarium from the soil to alfalfa. The biomass of alfalfa grown on samarium-spiked soil was reduced, while it was significantly higher following arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation in the pot experiment, both in the control and samarium-spiked soil. Although mycorrhizal plants had a higher phosphorus content than non-mycorrhizal ones, there was no significant difference in samarium concentrations between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. The compartment experiment confirmed that there was no significant samarium transfer to the plant by F. mosseae. Other fungi and plants should be tested, and field experiments performed, but our results suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizal plants might be considered in phytorestoration of rare-earth-contaminated soils. Keywords Rare earth element · Funneliformis mosseae · Compartment experiment · Metal tolerance
Introduction Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of elements that comprise 15 lanthanides and yttrium (Y). Despite their name, they are rather abundant in the earth crust, as abundant as some metallic trace elements (MTEs). Due to exceptional conductivity, magnetic, and other properties, REEs have been increasingly used in advanced technologies and industries. The potential anthropogenic input of REEs to natural ecosystems and to the food chain will increase correspondingly in the near future (Jiang et al. 2012; Falandysz Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-00991-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Corinne Leyval corinne.leyval@univ‑lorraine.fr 1
Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, 54000 Nancy, France
et al. 2017). In parallel, the over-exploitation of REE ores can cause a dra
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