Phosphate Decomposition by Alkaline Roasting to Concentrate Rare Earth Elements from Monazite of Bangka Island, Indonesi
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MINERAL DRESSING
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Phosphate Decomposition by Alkaline Roasting to Concentrate Rare Earth Elements from Monazite of Bangka Island, Indonesia Tri Purwantia,b, Mochamad Setyadjic, Widi Astutid, Indra Perdanaa, and Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrusa,e* a
Department of Chemical Engineering (Advanced Material and Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah MadaYogyakarta 55281, Indonesia b Center for Nuclear Minerals Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Jakarta, 12440 Indonesia c Center for Accelerator Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia d Research Division for Mineral Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia e Unconventional Geo-Resources Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia *e-mail: [email protected] Received October 9, 2018 Revised April 25, 2019 Accepted May 29, 2020 Abstract—The article considers extraction of rare elements from monazite and their leaching. In this study, phosphate decomposition process was conducted using alkaline roasting. The results showed that the phosphate decomposition of monazite from Bangka Island increased with increasing temperature and increasing monazite/NaOH mass ratio. Analysis of the decomposition rate on the basis of shrinking core model revealed that the rate could be appropriately expressed by the equation based on mixed control of diffusion through a residual layer and surface chemical reaction. Keywords: Rare earth elements, monazite, alkaline roasting, phosphate decomposition. DOI: 10.1134/S1062739120036763
INTRODUCTION
Rare earth elements (REE) is defined as a collection of 17 elements which can further be categorized into light rare earth (LRE) and heavy rare earth. These elements have high value as its various application is crucial for industrial use. REE has been used in developing metallurgy, magnets, ceramics, electronics, etc. because of its unique properties. Although REE has various important application, its production itself is still unable to fulfill demand as 90% of REE production is hold by China [1–3]. To avoid a monopoly of the market, other countries needed to create their own REE production chain as many countries in Asia contain reservoir that is able to match China [4]. In Southeast Asia, Indonesia is the example of untapped potential for REE production as it contains REE both in mineral form or contained in its many volcanic regions. Thus, in order to explore this potential, a method to extract REE that suits Indonesia needs to be developed [5, 6]. Monazite is the main rare earth (RE) phosphate mineral source in Indo
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