Non-State Armed Actors in the Middle East Geopolitics, Ideology, and
This volume investigates the nature and changing roles of the non-state armed groups in the Middle East with a special focus on Kurdish, Shia and Islamic State groups. To understand the nature of transformation in the Middle Eastern geopolitical space, it
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ON-STATE ARMED ACTORS IN THE MIDDLE EAST GEOPOLITICS, IDEOLOGY, AND STRATEGY
Non-State Armed Actors in the Middle East
Murat Yeşiltaş · Tuncay Kardaş Editors
Non-State Armed Actors in the Middle East Geopolitics, Ideology, and Strategy
Editors Murat Yeşiltaş Sakarya University Adapazarı, Sakarya, Turkey
Tuncay Kardaş Sakarya University Adapazarı, Sakarya, Turkey
ISBN 978-3-319-55286-6 ISBN 978-3-319-55287-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-55287-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017936931 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover image: © longtaildog/Getty Images Cover designer: Henry Petrides Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Contents
Part I Non-State Armed Actors in the Middle East: A Conceptual and Analytical Framework 1
Introduction: The Phenomenon of Non-state Armed Actors and Patterns of Violent Geopolitics in the Middle East 3 Murat Yeşiltaş and Tuncay Kardaş
2
The Transformation of the Regional Order and Non-state Armed Actors: Pathways to the Empowerment 21 Şaban Kardaş
Part II The Ethno-Secular Geopolitical Space in the Middle East 3
Understanding “Foreign Policy” of the PYD/YPG as a Non-State Actor in Syria and Beyond 43 Berkan Öğür and Zana Baykal
v
vi Contents
4
The Kurdish Fight Against ISIS: Realizing the Virtual Kurdistan Through Factionalized Politics in a Fragmented Homeland 77 Galip Dalay
5
Global Politics of Image and the Making of a Legitimate Non-state Armed Actor: Syrian Kurds and ‘The Secular West’ in Kobane 97 Tuncay Kardaş and Murat Yeşiltaş
Part III The Rise of Sacred Political Space in the Middle East 6
Path to Bec
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