Nonlinear Optics
This chapter provides a brief introduction into the basic nonlinear-optical phenomena and discusses some of the most significant recent advances and breakthroughs in nonlinear optics, as well as novel applications of nonlinear-optical processes and device
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Nonlinear Opt 4. Nonlinear Optics
4.1
Nonlinear Polarization and Nonlinear Susceptibilities ............... 159
4.2
Wave Aspects of Nonlinear Optics ........... 160
4.3
Second-Order Nonlinear Processes ......... 161 4.3.1 Second-Harmonic Generation........ 161 4.3.2 Sum- and Difference-Frequency Generation and Parametric Amplification............................... 163
4.4 Third-Order Nonlinear Processes ............ 4.4.1 Self-Phase Modulation ................. 4.4.2 Temporal Solitons......................... 4.4.3 Cross-Phase Modulation ............... 4.4.4 Self-Focusing............................... 4.4.5 Four-Wave Mixing ........................
164 165 166 167 167 169
4.4.6 4.4.7 4.4.8 4.4.9
Optical Phase Conjugation ............. Optical Bistability and Switching .... Stimulated Raman Scattering......... Third-Harmonic Generation by Ultrashort Laser Pulses..............
4.5 Ultrashort Light Pulses in a Resonant Two-Level Medium: Self-Induced Transparency and the Pulse Area Theorem .................. 4.5.1 Interaction of Light with Two-Level Media .................. 4.5.2 The Maxwell and Schrödinger Equations for a Two-Level Medium 4.5.3 Pulse Area Theorem ...................... 4.5.4 Amplification of Ultrashort Light Pulses in a Two-Level Medium ................ 4.5.5 Few-Cycle Light Pulses in a Two-Level Medium ................ 4.6 Let There be White Light: Supercontinuum Generation.................. 4.6.1 Self-Phase Modulation, Four-Wave Mixing, and Modulation Instabilities in Supercontinuum-Generating Photonic-Crystal Fibers ................. 4.6.2 Cross-Phase-Modulation-Induced Instabilities ................................. 4.6.3 Solitonic Phenomena in Media with Retarded Optical Nonlinearity. 4.7
Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy .............. 4.7.1 The Basic Principles ...................... 4.7.2 Methods of Nonlinear Raman Spectroscopy ............................... 4.7.3 Polarization Nonlinear Raman Techniques .................................. 4.7.4 Time-Resolved Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering........
169 170 172 173
178 178 178 180
181 183 185
185 187 189 193 194 196 199 201
4.8 Waveguide Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering ................................. 202 4.8.1 Enhancement of Waveguide CARS in Hollow Photonic-Crystal Fibers... 202
Part A 4
This chapter provides a brief introduction into the basic nonlinear-optical phenomena and discusses some of the most significant recent advances and breakthroughs in nonlinear optics, as well as novel applications of nonlinear-optical processes and devices. Nonlinear optics is the area of optics that studies the interaction of light with matter in the regime where the response of the material system to the applied electromagnetic field is nonlinear in the amplitude of this field. At low light intensities, typical of non-laser sources, the properties of materials remain independent of the intensity of illumination. The superposition principle holds true in this regime, and light waves can pass through materials or be reflected from
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