Normal-Mode Functions and Atmospheric Data Assimilation

The normal-mode function framework is applied for the formulation of the background-error covariance matrix for data assimilation, for the quantification of the information content of observations in data assimilation at many scales, for the systematical

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Nedjeljka Žagar Joseph Tribbia   Editors

Modal View of Atmospheric Variability Applications of Normal-Mode Function Decomposition in Weather and Climate Research

Mathematics of Planet Earth Volume 8

Series Editors Dan Crisan, Imperial College London, London, UK Ken Golden, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA Darryl D. Holm, Imperial College London, London, UK Mark Lewis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada Yasumasa Nishiura, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Joseph Tribbia, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA Jorge Passamani Zubelli, Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Springer’s Mathematics of Planet Earth collection provides a variety of well-written books of a variety of levels and styles, highlighting the fundamental role played by mathematics in a huge range of planetary contexts on a global scale. Climate, ecology, sustainability, public health, diseases and epidemics, management of resources and risk analysis are important elements. The mathematical sciences play a key role in these and many other processes relevant to Planet Earth, both as a fundamental discipline and as a key component of cross-disciplinary research. This creates the need, both in education and research, for books that are introductory to and abreast of these developments. Springer’s MoPE series will provide a variety of such books, including monographs, textbooks, contributed volumes and briefs suitable for users of mathematics, mathematicians doing research in related applications, and students interested in how mathematics interacts with the world around us. The series welcomes submissions on any topic of current relevance to the international Mathematics of Planet Earth effort, and particularly encourages surveys, tutorials and shorter communications in a lively tutorial style, offering a clear exposition of broad appeal. Responsible Editor(s): Martin Peters, Heidelberg ([email protected]) Robinson dos Santos, São Paulo ([email protected]) Additional Editorial Contacts: Masayuki Nakamura, Tokyo ([email protected])

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13771

Nedjeljka Žagar Joseph Tribbia •

Editors

Modal View of Atmospheric Variability Applications of Normal-Mode Function Decomposition in Weather and Climate Research

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Editors Nedjeljka Žagar Meteorological Institute Universität Hamburg Hamburg, Germany

Joseph Tribbia National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, CO, USA

ISSN 2524-4264 ISSN 2524-4272 (electronic) Mathematics of Planet Earth ISBN 978-3-030-60962-7 ISBN 978-3-030-60963-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60963-4 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35-XX, 65-XX, 76Nxx, 86-XX © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction o