Norms, Interests, and Power in Japanese Foreign Policy

This edited volume puts forth a theoretically and empirically rigorous analysis of Japanese foreign policy. Nine case studies on Japan's security, economic, and environmental policies in this volume examine how norms do or do not guide Japanese foreign po

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Yoichiro Sato and Keiko Hirata

NORMS, INTERESTS, AND POWER IN JAPANESE FOREIGN POLICY

Copyright © Yoichiro Sato and Keiko Hirata, 2008. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008 978-1-4039-8448-7 All rights reserved. First published in 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the US—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53997-0 ISBN 978-0-230-61580-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230615809 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Norms, interests, and power in Japanese foreign policy / edited by Yoichiro Sato and Keiko Hirata. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Japan—Foreign relations—1945– I. Sato, Yoichiro, 1966– II. Hirata, Keiko JZ1745.N67 2008 327.52—dc22

2008012365

A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: October 2008 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents

List of Figures

v

List of Tables

vi

Preface

vii Part I Introduction

1 Introduction: Constructivism, Rationalism, and the Study of Norms in Japanese Foreign Policy Yoichiro Sato and Keiko Hirata

3

Part II Security and Diplomatic Policy 2 Where Do Norms Come From? Foundations of Japan’s Postwar Pacifism Akitoshi Miyashita

21

3 International Norms and Civil Society: New Influences on Japanese Security Policy Keiko Hirata

47

4 Norms, Structures, and Japan’s “Northern Territories” Policy Kimie Hara

71

5 Three Norms of Collective Defense and Japan’s Overseas Troop Dispatches Yoichiro Sato

93

Part III International Political Economic Issues 6 Humanitarian and Democratic Norms in Japan’s ODA Distributions Yoichiro Sato and Masahiko Asano

111

iv

CONT ENT S

7 Norms and Japan’s Foreign Aid Policy in the South Pacific Sandra Tarte

129

8 Japan’s Role in Latin America’s Debt Management, 1982–1991 Saori N. Katada

151

Part IV Environmental Issues 9 Japan’s Whaling Politics Keiko Hirata 10 The Kyoto Protocol from Formulation to Ratification: Japan’s Role in International Climate Negotiations Eric Shibuya

175

211

Part V Conclusion 11

Conclusion Keiko Hirata

235

Bibliography

251

List of Contributors

273

Index

275

Figures

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 8.1

Should Japan Rearm? Should the Constitution be Revised? Should Japan Possess Nuclear Weapons? Japanese Attitudes Toward the Self Defense Forces Japanese Views on U.S.-Japan Security Treaty What Is the Best Way of Defending Japan? Bank Loan Outstanding to Latin America: Japan and the United States 1980–1988

30 31 32 33 35 36