Foreign Policy in Global Information Space Actualizing Soft Power

This book examines how foreign policy can adapt to the challenge of globalization. Two central questions are posed:how can foreign policy defend or project statist political communities using soft power within a global information space? Does soft power a

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Foreign Policy in Global Information Space Actualizing Soft Power

Alan Chong

FOREIGN POLICY IN GLOBAL INFORMATION SPACE

© Alan Chong, 2007. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-1-4039-7520-1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53582-8 ISBN 978-0-230-60424-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230604247 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: May 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

CONTENTS

List of Illustrations

vii

Acknowledgments

ix

List of Abbreviations

xi

Introduction: Nation-State Foreign Policy amidst Globalization

1

One

Two

Toward a Changing Environment for Foreign Policy: Nation-State, Globalization, and Information as Political Power Global Information Space, Discursive Community, and Soft Power

Three Soft Power in Foreign Policy Four

Five

Leadership in Foreign Policy, From Inside-Out and Outside-In: Singaporean Foreign Policy and the Asian Values Debate, 1992–2000 The Intermestic Politics of Foreign Policy: Chilean Foreign Policy and the Pinochet Extradition Controversy, 1998–2000

6 22 59

82

141

Conclusion: Soft Power Foreign Policy—Creation Spinning Re-Creation

192

Notes

199

Bibliography

207

Index

236

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figures 1.1 A System of Information Flow 2.1 Soft Power Spectrum

14 57

Tables 4.1 4.2 5.1 5.2

Chronology of Singapore’s Political Milestones Demand for the Singapore Cooperation Programme Chronology of Chile’s Political Milestones A Trail of Intermestic Interventions in Chile 1973–1988

85 131 142 167

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The abstraction of information, its relationship to globalization, and their cumulative impact upon foreign policy. These were the puzzles mulled over by me as I weathered London’s unfriendly winters and springs on the lonely road of inquiry. Along the way, this book emerged as a dedication to the self-empowering witness in international politics. In this intellectual journey, I have encountered my share of strong heads and determination. People whom one could quarrel with in Prêt-á-Manger and Fleet Street bars turned out to be true examples of all-night