North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment
This book offers an up-to-date review of our current understanding of climate change in the North Sea and adjacent areas, as well as its impact on ecosystems and socio-economic sectors. It provides a detailed assessment of climate change based on publishe
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Markus Quante Franciscus Colijn Editors
North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment
Regional Climate Studies Series editors Hans-Jürgen Bolle†, München, Germany Massimo Menenti, GA Delft, The Netherlands S. Ichtiaque Rasool, Bethesda, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5071
The North Sea region as seen from satellite on 16 April 2003. Sensor Terra-Modis. Credit Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC; Saharan dust signals have been removed
Markus Quante Franciscus Colijn •
Editors
North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment
Editors Markus Quante Institute of Coastal Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Geesthacht Germany
ISSN 1862-0248 Regional Climate Studies ISBN 978-3-319-39743-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-39745-0
Franciscus Colijn Institute of Coastal Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Geesthacht Germany
ISSN 1865-505X (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-39745-0
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016941308 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016. This book is published open access. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the work’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if such material is not included in the work’s Creative Commons license and the respective action is not permitted by statutory regulation, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to duplicate, adapt or reproduce the material. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Foreword
Climate change is a major threat for the 21st century and beyond as recognised by the world’s governments who have funded the five assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and numerous special reports since the 1980s. These efforts have been important in supporting global climate policy, culminating in the recent Pa
