Assessment of climate change pattern in the Pauri Garhwal of the Western Himalayan Region: based on climate parameters a
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Assessment of climate change pattern in the Pauri Garhwal of the Western Himalayan Region: based on climate parameters and perceptions of forest-dependent communities Shashidhar Kumar Jha & A. K. Negi & Juha Mikael Alatalo & R. S. Negi & Maneesh Kumar Patasaraiya Received: 9 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This study assessed the climate change in Pauri district, Uttarakhand, India, a region highly vulnerable to climate change with potentially high loss of livelihoods and lives. The scale of change in the district’s climate was analyzed using meteorological station data (1901–2000) and grid data (1985–2015). Perceptions of climate change among forest-dependent communities in three altitude zones (< 1200 m asl (zone A); 1200–1800 m asl (zone B), and > 1800 m asl (zone C)) in the study region were surveyed with respect to 14 climate-specific indicators. Annual mean, maximum, and minimum temperature of seasonal data indicated increasing trends except monsoon. Percentage cloud cover showed an increase, of approximately 3%, while diurnal temperature displayed decreasing trends. S. K. Jha (*) : A. K. Negi Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Hemvati Nandan Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India e-mail: [email protected] J. M. Alatalo Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar J. M. Alatalo Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar R. S. Negi Department of Rural Technology, Hemvati Nandan Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India M. K. Patasaraiya Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, Madhya Paradesh, India
Rainfall in the district showed a decreasing trend, with more than 50% of years 1985–2015 receiving less rainfall than the annual average. More than 90% of respondents in zones A and B, and around 65–70% respondents in zone C, reported changes in climate parameters. These findings confirm the long-term observable changes in climate in the region and demonstrate the utility of station data, grid data, and surveys of local communities’ perceptions when analyzing climate change. The analysis provided important clues about the nature of climate changes in the district. The results can be used to reduce the gap between bottom-up understanding and top-down policies and to formulate precautionary and ongoing site-specific adaptation practices for communities in different altitude zones in the study region, leading to effective and efficient mitigation of climate change impacts. Keywords Climate change . Western Himalaya . Respondents’ perception . Temperature . Rainfall
Introduction Recent emissions of greenhouse gases are the highest in history and are altering the global atmospheric structure (Friedrich and Damassa 2014). This is partly the result of natural cycles, but anthropogenic activities, especially burning of fossil fuels, have been the dominant cause of ongoing climate change that is affecting natural ecosystems
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