Novel approaches to mitigate heat stress impacts on crop growth and development
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Novel approaches to mitigate heat stress impacts on crop growth and development Shulbhi Verma1 • Narendra Kumar2 • Amit Verma3 • Hukum Singh2 Kadambot H. M. Siddique4 • Narendra Pratap Singh5
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Received: 27 September 2020 / Accepted: 20 November 2020 Ó Indian Society for Plant Physiology 2020
Abstract Heat stress is a major constraint to crop production and food security. The incidence of heat stress in crops has increased due to rapid changes in the global climate. Heat stress has a tremendous impact on crop growth and productivity due to its direct and indirect effects on water. Therefore, it is important to understand the morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular, and ecological basis of heat stress in crop plants to minimize its impact on food production. Several genes alter their expression, proteins, and transcription factors to cope with heat stress. Adverse effects on macromolecules and genes change the signaling pathways for heat stress resistance. In the early phase of heat stress, plants regulate their immunity and plant nutrition management to alleviate the heat stress. All the self management of plants gets fail in severe heat stress situation to overcome from heat stress condition a judicious combination of conventional breeding and new technologies will help plants to cope efficiently with heat stress, including maintaining/enhancing yield to contribute to the nutritional requirements of the
& Shulbhi Verma [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, SDAU, Sardarkrushinagar, Dantiwada, Gujarat 385506, India
2
Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, P.O. New Forest, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248006, India
3
Department of Biochemistry, SDAU, SK Nagar, Dantiwada, Gujarat 385506, India
4
The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
5
Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024, U.P., India
growing population. A better understanding of plant responses to heat stress has practical implications for remedies and management. Keywords Heat stress Crop growth Development Breeding Technologies
Introduction Poor plant growth and development can be due to several environmental factors. The temperature may be the primary factor affecting plant growth and development in the changing global condition. The high temperature causes the heat stress in plants. Heat stress has deleterious effects at any stage of plant growth, particularly during the reproductive stage, anthesis and grain filling. Another essential factor of growth and development is membrane transporters, such as carbohydrate, calcium, polyamines and other osmolytes transportation and distribution also gets affected through HS. Therefore, transporters are crucial for heat stress tolerance in plants because they control molecule and substance movement and their effects. Heat stress affects plant morphological, physiological, metabolism, molecular, and rhizospheric level. So, study at the physiological, biochemic
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