Novel Branched Polyamide/Poly(acrylonitrile)/Graphene Oxide Membranes for Separation of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Com
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Article www.springer.com/13233 pISSN 1598-5032 eISSN 2092-7673
Novel Branched Polyamide/Poly(acrylonitrile)/Graphene Oxide Membranes for Separation of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds from Water via Pervaporation Shafagh Mokhtarzadeh1 Samira Agbolaghi*,2 Yaghoub Mansourpanah1
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Membrane Research Laboratory, Lorestan University, P.O. BOX: 68137−17133, Khorramabad, Iran Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, P.O. BOX: 5375171379, Tabriz, Iran Received July 13, 2019 / Revised December 5, 2019 / Accepted December 25, 2019
Abstract: Branched polyamides (BPAs) were prepared through a polycondensation method and then blended with poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN; 3:1) to construct the nanocomposite membranes having various concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) (2 and 5 wt%). The BPA/PAN and BPA/PAN/GO membranes were applied for selective removal of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs) from water by pervaporation. Impacts of feed composition, GO content and distinct feed types were investigated on pervaporation performance. Membranes were water selective and the permeation rate incremented with GO elevation. The highest permeation rate (203 g/m2 h) and separation factor (10) were detected for BPA/PAN/GO-5 nanocomposite membrane containing 5 wt% GO for separating the pentachloroethane/ water mixtures at 30 °C for 0.1 wt% pentachloroethane in feed. Separation of pentachloroethane/water mixture proceeded easier than those of 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane/water, trichloroethylene/water, and 1,2-dichloroethylene/water mixtures because of the larger molecular size of pentachloroethane. Keywords: polyamide, Cl-VOC, membranes, GO, pervaporation.
1. Introduction Polychloromethane, polychloroethane, and polychloroethylene contaminants from the family of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs) have been detected in environment, ground water, and soil.1 Due to carcinogenicity, the Cl-VOC precursors must be eliminated from the industrial wastewater.2 For elimination of the Cl-VOCs from aqueous systems, the pervaporation (PV) is the best candidate,3 possessing the environmental safety, energy saving, and low operation cost.4 The separation mechanism in PV is associated with differences in sorption and diffusion features5 and the separation of organic-organic solvent mixtures.6 The permselectivity of a membrane is correlated with the diffusivity, solubility, and polymer nature.7,8 Thanks to attractive physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, as well as the commercial availability, the polyamides can be applied in several membrane separation technologies.9 Even though the development of novel PA-based PV membranes with proper efficacy is a key factor, the PA exhibits low permeation rate due to low water solubility and low free volume. Polymer blending as well as plasma and chemical grafting were focused for improving the PA membrane separation.10,11 Poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) is one of the most semicrystalline thermoplastics applied in the PV membranes, reve
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