Novel microsatellite DNA markers for Indian Gharial ( Gavialis gangeticus )
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Novel microsatellite DNA markers for Indian Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) K. Naga Jogayya • P. R. Meganathan Bhawna Dubey • I. Haque
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Received: 23 January 2013 / Accepted: 15 March 2013 / Published online: 23 March 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract The present status of existing crocodile species has increased the necessity to develop novel utilities for conservation. We have developed 18 microsatellite loci from the Indian Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) intended for genomic explanation and applied them to study genetic variation. Polymorphism of each locus was assessed in 32 individuals for G. gangeticus India. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 8 (mean 5.5) for Indian population. Observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.73 to 1.00 and 0.50 to 0.81, respectively and the average polymorphic information content is 0.565. These selected markers are helpful for assessing population structure, intraspecific difference, and conservation and management of G. gangeticus. Keywords Indian Gharial Microsatellite development Gavialis gangeticus
K. N. Jogayya P. R. Meganathan B. Dubey I. Haque Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Biology Division, 30, Gorachand Road, Kolkata 700014, West Bengal, India Present Address: P. R. Meganathan Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA Present Address: B. Dubey 500, Louisville Street, Starkville, MS 39759, USA Present Address: I. Haque (&) Central Forensic Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India e-mail: [email protected]
Microsatellites are the erratic markers of choice for many population genetic studies (Weber and May 1989). It has already been established for some crocodilian species, Alligator mississippiensis (Glenn et al. 1998), Caiman latirostris (Zucoloto et al. 2002), Crocodylus moreletti (Dever and Densmore 2001), Crocodylus johnsoni and Crocodylus porosus (FitzSimmons et al. 2001; Miles et al. 2008). These markers have been proved useful to evaluate genetic diversity, mating behavior, as well as dispersal systems in various crocodile species (Glenn et al. 1996; FitzSimmons et al. 2001; Dever and Densmore 2001; Davis et al. 2002; Isberg et al. 2004). These improvements have given much importance of microsatellite markers for genetic analysis, genome investigation and determination for other crocodile species. Indian Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is a critically endangered species prevalent to Indian flora and fauna. Historically, these species widely disseminated in large expanses of Indian sub-continent (Smith 1939; Singh 1978a; Whitaker and Basu 1983). However, today the species is in the verge of extinction. According to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the field evaluation indicated that number of Gharial has drop off from 5,000 to 10,000 in 1946s to less than 235 individuals making Gharial, a critically endangered species in 2006 (Sharma et al. 2011). Thus, improved conservation measurements are ti
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