Novel reconciliation protocol based on spinal code for continuous-variable quantum key distribution
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Novel reconciliation protocol based on spinal code for continuous-variable quantum key distribution Xuan Wen1 · Qiong Li1 Furong Huang2
· Haokun Mao1 · Yi Luo1 · Bingze Yan1 ·
Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Reconciliation is a crucial procedure in post-processing of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system, which is used to make two distant legitimate parties share identical corrected keys. The adaptive reconciliation is necessary for practical systems to cope with the variable channel. Many researchers adopt fixed-rate error correction codes to implement adaptive reconciliation, such as the punctured LDPC code; however such protocol can achieve high efficiency only in a small range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). In this paper, the spinal-based rateless reconciliation protocol for CV-QKD is first proposed. The proposed adaptive reconciliation protocol can achieve high efficiency in a much larger range of SNRs. Because the protocol we propose uses the code with short length and simple encoding/decoding structure, the design and implementation complexities of our protocol are greatly decreased. Meanwhile, its parallel attribute makes it suitable for hardware implementation, which means it has the potential of achieving high-throughput reconciliation. Moreover, the security of proposed protocol is investigated and proved. Experimental results show that the reconciliation efficiency of the spinal-based protocol maintains around 95% in a larger SNR range (0,0.5), and even exceeds 96.5% at extremely low SNR (≤ 0.032) with quite low frame error rate (FER) (≤ 5.2%). Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive reconciliation protocol is a suitable candidate for the long-distance CV-QKD systems. Keywords Continuous-variable quantum key distribution · Adaptive reconciliation · Spinal code · Rateless code · Low-density parity check code · Reconciliation efficiency
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Qiong Li [email protected]
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Department of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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School of International Studies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China 0123456789().: V,-vol
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X. Wen et al.
1 Introduction Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the art of distributing theoretically unconditional security key between two remote legitimate parties Alice and Bob by encoding information on photons, even if it faces eavesdroppers (Eve). The QKD protocols mainly contain discrete-variable (DV) protocols [1–7] and continuous-variable (CV) protocols [8–13]. DV-QKD protocols use the discrete variable such as the polarization or the phase of single photons to encode key information. CV-QKD protocols use the continuous variable such as the quadratures of coherent states to encode key information. The technical challenges and constraints of DV-QKD mainly lie in the efficiency and speed of preparing and detecting single photons.
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