NSCT-based robust image watermarking in DC components of APDCBT using singular value decomposition
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
NSCT-based robust image watermarking in DC components of APDCBT using singular value decomposition Chandan Saha1 · Md. Foisal Hossain1 · Md. Asadur Rahman2 Received: 15 March 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Digital watermarking is an emerging solution for securing multimedia products from illegal or unauthorized manipulation. Robustness and visual imperceptibility are two characteristics of watermarking, which can be achieved by utilizing various transform techniques. Our proposed robust watermarking technique used a hybrid transform composed of three transform techniques: nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT), all phase discrete cosine biorthogonal transform (APDCBT), and singular value decomposition (SVD). NSCT has outstanding shift-invariant, and directional properties; its low-frequency band of an image contains a large amount of visual information. Besides, APDCBT can attenuate the high-frequency components, and its direct current (DC) components have more visual details of an image. For gathering these DC components, we applied APDCBT on the low-frequency band of NSCT of a cover image after 8 × 8 block portioning. Then the binary watermark is inserted into perceptually significant DC components using SVD. The feasibility of the proposed technique is justified using computer simulation as well as this scheme is passed through imperceptibility and robustness test. Finally, a comparative analysis demonstrates that our proposed method achieves satisfactory improvements over the existing two watermarking techniques. Keywords Digital watermarking · Nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) · All phase discrete cosine biorthogonal transform (APDCBT) · DC coefficients · Singular value decomposition (SVD)
1 Introduction Nowadays sharing of multimedia products has become very simple among people because of the quick extension of digital technologies and the internet [1]. It is easy to perform unauthorized and illegal manipulation of multimedia products. Then spreading those manipulated products through the internet has become usual events [2–4]. To solve this issue, digital watermarking has drawn the interests of researchers over the last few decades. Digital watermarking obstructs from copying or protects digital content by hiding information into original content in such a way that imperceptibility is retained [1, 5]. The hidden information is recovered by
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Md. Asadur Rahman [email protected]
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
executing the contrary process of embedding with correct secret keys. A digital watermarking system is composed of cover or original image, watermark, embedding and extracting algorithm, and watermarked image where some factors, including security, visual imperceptibility, robust
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