Nuclear Stopping Power of Hydrogen and Helium Isotopes in Beryllium, Carbon, and Tungsten
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r Stopping Power of Hydrogen and Helium Isotopes in Beryllium, Carbon, and Tungsten A. N. Zinov’eva and P. Yu. Babenkoa* a Ioffe
Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 25, 2020; revised June 11, 2020; accepted June 11, 2020
Abstract—The nuclear stopping power of hydrogen and helium isotopes in Be, C, and W materials that are promising for use as the first wall of a tokamak reactor are calculated. It is shown that the presence of an attracting potential well has a substantial effect on the dependence of the nuclear stopping power on the collision energy. The use of potentials calculated in the approximation of the density functional theory with an attracting potential well has allowed us to obtain more accurate values of the nuclear stopping power for hydrogen isotopes, which differ by 27–60% from the tabular data at low energies. The results for different hydrogen isotopes are well described by a universal curve. Keywords: nuclear stopping power, hydrogen isotopes, helium, beryllium, carbon, tungsten, tokamak reactor. DOI: 10.1134/S106378502009031X
Theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear stopping power of atomic particles in matter are currently carried out with wide coverage (see, for example, [1–6]) and are among high-priority reports devoted to the interaction of ions with matter at international conferences [7–9]. Broad international cooperation on this topic is encouraged by the International Atomic Energy Agency, which regularly publishes collections of the latest theoretical and experimental achievements [10]. To describe the stopping of particles in a substance, the approach developed in [11] is used, which distinguishes the energy losses associated with the elastic scattering of an incident particle on the nuclei of target atoms (nuclear stopping power, NSP) and the electronic stopping power (ESP) associated with the excitation and ionization of the electronic system. For light particles with energies above a few keV, the ESP dominates. The NSP dominated in the near-wall plasma of a tokamak in which the particle energies are 10–200 eV. Understanding the interaction of plasma particles with the first wall of the tokamak is among the main problems that must be solved for the successful operation of the tokamak reactor. In [12], a potential called the “ZBL potential,” which is used in the widely used SRIM code [13], was proposed to describe particle scattering. Of the other known potentials, the Molière [14] and Lenz–Jensen [15] potentials are often used. As was shown in [16], the NSP calculated using the ZBL potential can substantially differ from the experimental data available at that time. A potential called the Kr–C potential was
proposed [16], which better describes the experimental data. In [17], data on the potentials obtained from processing the results of a particle scattering experiment were analyzed and a potential that best describes the experimental data was proposed. In [18], experime
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