Nucleosynthesis at Strong Magnetization and the Titanium Problem
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cleosynthesis at Strong Magnetization and the Titanium Problem V. N. Kondratyeva, b, * a
Bogolyubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR, Dubna, 141980 Russia bDubna State University, Dubna, 141982 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 4, 2019; revised March 20, 2019; accepted March 29, 2019
Abstract—Ultramagnetized atomic nuclei created in supernova explosions, neutron star mergers, magnetar crusts and heavy ion collisions are considered. It is shown that for field strengths of 0.1–10 teratesla, the linear magnetic response dominates and the Zeeman effect leads to an increase in the binding energy of atomic nuclei with open shells. Considerable increase in a yield of corresponding products of explosive nucleosynthesis is consistent with results of observations. For iron-group nuclei, such a magnetic enhancement of 44Ti yield also implies a significant increase in the fraction of the main titanium isotope 48Ti in the chemical composition of galaxies.
DOI: 10.1134/S1063779619050149
1. INTRODUCTION Superstrong magnetic fields exceeding teratesla (TT) arise in supernova (SN) explosions [1, 2], neutron star mergers [3], heavy ion collisions [4] and magnetar crusts [5]. The nuclides formed in such processes contain information about the structure of matter and mechanisms of explosive processes. Sources of repeating soft gamma-ray bursts (or soft-gamma repeaters (SGR)) and abnormal X-ray pulsars (AXPs) are examples of ultramagnetized neutron stars and/or magnetars [5] associated with SN remnants and providing evidence of the enormous magnetic induction in astrophysical plasma resulting from SN explosions. Large values, up to tenths of teratesla (TT), for the induction of dipole surface components of the magnetic fields of these objects, are determined from the observed periods and decreasing rotation periods of pulsars, given a magnetic source for the decreasing rotation of neutron stars. The events of March 5, 1979, that followed the pioneering observations of a superintensive gamma-ray emission (a giant flare) from SGR 0526-66 [6], monitoring the SGR and AXP activity showed that many of their properties indicate significant toroidal magnetic fields and components of higher multipolarities [5, 7], significantly exceeding the corresponding dipole components. Such an extremely strong magnetization, intensities up to tens of TT, can develop due to strong convection, leading to magnetic-rotational instabilities (MRI) and/or dynamo processes, and contribute to the for-
mation of a shock wave in accordance with numerical simulations of SN explosions, see, e.g., [1, 2] and references therein. Consequently, nuclides present in jets of ejected materials behind the bifurcation point are formed under conditions of strong magnetic fields that can affect the composition of nuclei, from which we consider the possible influence of magnetism on the structure, transformation and transmutation of nuclides. Making use of relevant data in an analysis of nucleosynthesis and chains of nuclear transformations can provide
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