Numerical Modelling of Barotropic Circulation Processes
The dynamics of lakes has a hydrodynamic and a thermodynamic component. By neglection of the latter, assuming a thermally homogeneous water body, a barotropic model is obtained. It is characterized by vanishing horizontal density gradients; the surface sl
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HYDRODYNAMICS OF LAKES
EDITED BY
K. HUTTER FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZURICH
SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN GMBH
This volume contains 9 5 illustrations.
This work is subject to copyright.
All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine
or similar means, and storage in data banks.
© 1984 by Springer-Verla g Wien Originally published by Springer Verlag Wien-New York in 1984
ISBN 978-3-211-81812-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-2634-9
ISBN 978-3-7091-2634-9 (eBook)
PREFACE
With the growing recognition of the significance of our resources and with the increase in contamination of our environment by industrial and municipal waste, our communities have become more and more sensitive to the r6le which lakes play in the natural environment. While the biology and chemistry of lakes have been part of limnological research ever since lakes have been scientifically studied, the investigation of their phy~~ i.e. the response of lakes to meteorological forcings, is ~al dy~am~~~, relatively recent. The purpose of this monograph (an outgrowth of a 1983- summer course held at the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences (CISM) in Udine, Italy) is to summarize current understanding of large scale water circulation in lakes and to outline the methodologies by which this understanding has been aquired. The intention is to provide the necessary background for the analysis of transport of water and particulate matter, to present the theoretical and computational methods of solutions, and to establish a thorough interrelationship between theoretically deduced results and observations. Apart from presenting the fundamentals of continuum physics that apply to large scale motion of a fluid in a basin on the rotating Earth, the book contains presentations of basin wide wave dynamics, non-linear wave action, precise studies of the vertical current structure, detailed investigations of barotropic and baroclinic current forecast modelling as well as an account of the history of physical limnology. A quick glance through the table of contents will show that the book will be useful not only to physical limnologists, but equally also to oceanographers, meteorologists, fluid dynamicists, physicists and applied mathematicians with an interest in environmental or geophysical fluid dynamics. Because its content is fairly coherent, it may also serve as a basic text for a general course in lake hydrodynamics. The lectures were given by six renowned scientists, and thus, repetitions and certain inhomogeneities in the text were not able to be avoided, even though an attempt was made to obtain a coherent manuscript. The final manuscript was typed in Zurich. It is my pleasant duty to express my sincere thanks to the authorities of CISM for the organisation of the course and to Mr. F. Langenegger for typing the final version of the camera ready manuscript. Last but not least I thank Prof. D. Vischer.
