Numerical Simulation of Spatial Distribution of Wave Overtopping on Non-reshaping Berm Breakwaters
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Numerical Simulation of Spatial Distribution of Wave Overtopping on Non-reshaping Berm Breakwaters Mahmood Nematollahi 1 & Mohammad Navid Moghim 1 Received: 17 June 2019 / Accepted: 1 May 2020 # Harbin Engineering University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study presents the results of a 2D numerical modeling investigation on the performance of non-reshaping berm breakwaters with a special look at the spatial distribution of irregular wave overtopping using FLOW-3D CFD code. The numerical model is based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solver (RANS) and volume of fluid (VOF) surface capturing scheme (RANS-VOF). The numerical model has been validated using experimental data. The armor and core porosities have been used as calibration factors to reproduce the wave overtopping distribution. The computed distributions of wave overtopping behind the structure agree well with the measurements for a non-reshaping berm breakwater. A formula is derived to relate the spatial distribution of wave overtopping water behind non-reshaping berm breakwaters to non-dimensional forms of wave height, wave period, berm width, berm height, and armor freeboard based on numerical results. This formula model agreed reasonably well with numerical model results. Keywords Wave overtopping . Spatial distribution . Berm breakwater . Numerical simulation . Non-reshaping
1 Introduction The development of science and technology alongside the increasing population in littoral regions made the protection of coasts and ports to be very vital. Rubble mound breakwaters have been used worldwide to protect port basins against the violent forces of the surrounding sea for more than a century. Breakwaters are constructed to create sufficiently calm waters for safe mooring and loading operations, handling of ships, and protection of harbor facilities. Wave overtopping and its distribution over coastal defense structures are a crucial problem for structures located near the sea. The failure of coastal structures, property loss, and casualties can be caused by excessive amounts and intensity of wave overtopping (Zhang et al. 2017). Several researchers have exploited the use of FLOW-3D in their researches on wave behaviors over a coastal structure, including Dentale et al. (2014) and Vanneste et al. (2014). They mostly studied the reliability of FLOW-3D as a design
* Mohammad Navid Moghim [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, Iran
tool by investigating the interaction between wave motion (regular and irregular waves) with several types of coastal structures. The current study describes the 2D numerical integration of RANS equations to simulate the overtopping distribution along the non-reshaping berm breakwater crest with FLOW-3D® CFD code (Version 12.0, 2018). RNG turbulence model and a free surface tracking procedure based on the VOF method are incorporated in the simulations. The effect of structural parameters, such as armor
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