Experimental Study of Landslide Surge Wave Overtopping an Earth Dam
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-EARTH SCIENCES
Experimental Study of Landslide Surge Wave Overtopping an Earth Dam Jie Liu1
· Chunli Zhou1 · Jian Guo1 · Jing Liu1
Received: 26 September 2019 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract In this study, the experimental investigation on whether the landslide surge waves can influence the dam failure process caused by flood overtopping was presented. The experiments were conducted in a large width flume with length of 50 m, width of 4 m and height of 2 m. The time between the start of the earth dam break and the surge wave reaching the dam site was set to 80 s. During this period, the water depth of the reservoir constantly decreased. The experimental results showed that the surge wave height decreased while the propagation velocity increased slightly as the surge moved to the dam site. Several surge waves could overtop the dam crest and the shear height of the dam crest caused by each surge wave was a function of the surge wave height, which could be described non-dimensionally by z* 0.946 H s *2.113 . The surge wave influenced the water level falling velocity and breach width expanding speed from the time of the overlay of the breaking dam. The surge wave could lead to a large instantaneous peak discharge that exceeded the dam failure peak discharge of the experiments with no surge wave. Keywords Dam failure · Combined surge · Overflow-only · Peak discharge · Shear height
List of Symbols B Bws Bwl Cd H Hd Hs H s * H s /H d Q1 Q2 Qtotal
B 1
The water surface width The water surface width of the dam breach for combined overflow and surges The water surface width of the dam breach of overflow-only The discharge coefficient of the visible and measurable method The reservoir level above the embankment foundation The dam height above the foundation The significant wave height The non-dimensional significant wave height The discharge of the breach region The discharge of the dam area except the breach The total discharge of the whole dam area
Jie Liu [email protected] College of Civil and Building Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
Qfi Qfo Qsf Qs Qf g Rc
Rc z z ∗ z/Hd V usurf t
Inflow discharge of reservoir Outflow discharge of reservoir The average discharge of combined overflow and surge wave The discharge of surge-only The discharge of overflow-only Gravitational acceleration The vertical distance between the still water elevation and crest elevation The effective surge wave height for overtop the dam Erosion depth for surge wave The non-dimensional erosion depth for the surge wave The volume of water in the reservoir The breach water surface velocity Time
1 Introduction The use of earth dams is widespread throughout the world, and potentially dangerous earth dam reservoirs typically require a trigger mechanism to initiate a flood. The most
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Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
frequent trigger event is an over-flood, if an over-flood overtops an earth dam without manual interventi
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