Numerical study on dynamic mechanism of brain volume and shear deformation under blast loading
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RESEARCH PAPER
Numerical study on dynamic mechanism of brain volume and shear deformation under blast loading Zhijie Li1 · Zhibo Du1 · Xiaochuan You1 · Zhanli Liu1 · Jian Cheng1 · Chengcheng Luo1 · Dongyang Chu1 · Shaowu Ning1 · Yue Kang2 · Ce Yang3 · Zhuo Zhuang1 Received: 1 March 2019 / Revised: 10 April 2019 / Accepted: 15 April 2019 / Published online: 21 June 2019 © The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019, corrected publication 2019
Abstract Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (b-TBI) is a kind of significant injury to soldiers in the current military conflicts. However, the mechanism of b-TBI has not been well understood, and even there are some contradictory conclusions. It is crucial to reveal the dynamic mechanism of brain volume and shear deformations under blast loading for better understanding of b-TBI. In this paper, the numerical simulation method is adopted to carry out comprehensive and in-depth researches on this issue for the first time. Based on the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method, the fluid–structure coupling model of the blast wave and human head is developed to simulate two situations, namely the head subjected to the frontal and lateral impacts. The simulation results are analyzed to obtain the underlying dynamic mechanisms of brain deformation. The brain volume deformation is dominated by the local bending vibration of the skull, and the corresponding frequency for the forehead skull under the frontal impact and the lateral skull faced to the lateral impact is as high as 8 kHz and 5 kHz, respectively. This leads to the high-frequency fluctuation of brain pressure and the large pressure gradient along the skull, totally different from the dynamic response of brain under head collisions. While the brain shear deformation mainly depends on the relative tangential displacement between the skull and brain and the anatomical structure of inner skull, being not related to the brain pressure and its gradient. By further comparing the medical statistics, it is inferred that diffuse axonal injury and brain contusion, the two most common types of b-TBI, are mainly attributed to brain shear deformations. And the von Mises stress can be adopted as the indicator for these two brain injuries. This study can provide theoretical guidance for the diagnosis of b-TBI and the development of protective equipment. Keywords Blast-induced traumatic brain injury · Numerical head model · Fluid–structure coupling model · Diffuse axonal injury · Brain contusion
1 Introduction According to the analysis of relevant reports about the injuries in modern warfare, the number of military personnel
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Xiaochuan You [email protected] Zhanli Liu [email protected]
1
School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3
Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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suffering from tra
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