Numerical study on the morphology of a liquid-liquid pintle injector element primary breakup spray
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Zhou et al. / J Zhejiang Univ-Sci A (Appl Phys & Eng) 2020 21(8):684-694
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering) ISSN 1673-565X (Print); ISSN 1862-1775 (Online) www.jzus.zju.edu.cn; www.springerlink.com E-mail: [email protected]
Numerical study on the morphology of a liquid-liquid pintle injector element primary breakup spray* Rui ZHOU, Chi-bing SHEN†‡, Xuan JIN Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China †
E-mail: [email protected]
Received Dec. 11, 2019; Revision accepted Mar. 20, 2020; Crosschecked Aug. 4, 2020
Abstract: Primary breakup in a liquid-liquid pintle injector element at different radial jet velocities is investigated to elucidate the impingement morphology, the formation of primary breakup spray half cone angle, the pressure distribution, the liquid diameter distribution, and the liquid velocity distribution. With a sufficient mesh resolution, the liquid morphology can be captured in a physically sound way. A mushroom tip is triggered by a larger radial jet velocity and breakup happens at the tip edge first. Different kinds of ligament breakup patterns due to aerodynamic force and surface tension are captured on the axial sheet. A high pressure core is spotted at the impinging point region. A larger radial jet velocity can feed more disturbances into the impinging point and the axial sheet, generate stronger vortices to promote the breakup process at a longer distance, and form a larger spray half cone angle. Because of the re-collision phenomenon the axial sheet diameter does not decrease monotonically. The inner rim on the axial sheet shows a larger diameter magnitude and a lower velocity magnitude due to surface tension. This paper is expected to provide a reference for the optimum design of a liquid-liquid pintle injector. Key words: Pintle injector element; Liquid-liquid impingement; Primary breakup; Volume of fluid-to-discrete phase model (VOF-to-DPM) simulation; Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A1900624 CLC number: V23; V43
1 Introduction The pintle injector is used mainly in liquid rocket engine applications as a propellant injection system like shear or swirl coaxial injectors because of its combustion stability, high throttling capability, and simple structure (Fang and Shen, 2017). The pintle injector concept was developed by the TRW Corporation (the USA), and was successfully used in the lunar module descent engine in 1969 (Elverum and Miller, 1967; Dressler, 2006; Giuliano and Adamski, 2007). ‡
Corresponding author Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11572346) ORCID: Rui ZHOU, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-9996 © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 *
The pintle injector is a typical cross flow type liquid-liquid, liquid-gas or gas-gas injector (Nardi and Pimenta, 2015). There is an annular gap through which one liq
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