Nutrition in Oral Health
Oral diseases are a global problem for both children and adults and poor oral health is associated with other systemic diseases. The two most common oral diseases are dental caries and periodontal disease. Diet plays an important role in influencing the o
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Nutrition in Oral Health Atheer Yacoub and Wahida Karmally
Key Points • Prevention of oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis begins with early nutrition intervention. • Poor oral health is associated with a myriad of systemic diseases. • Maintaining oral hygiene and a healthy eating pattern and lifestyle can help prevent oral diseases. • The use of multiple medications increases risk of oral problems by compromising nutrient bioavailability. • Functional foods, polyphenols, and probiotics may contribute to a healthy oral mucosa. Keywords Nutrition • Oral health • Macro and micronutrients • Dental caries • Periodontal disease
Introduction “Diet and Nutrition are major multifactorial environmental factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of craniofacial diseases and disorders.” Surgeon General’s Report on “Oral Health in America” 2000 [1]. Oral health is essential to general health and well-being. Diet and nutrition play a key role in tooth development, gingival and oral tissue integrity, bone strength, and prevention and management of diseases of the oral cavity. In June 2003, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a national “Call to Action to Promote Oral Health” to address the country’s oral health needs in the twenty-first century [2]. The goals of the Call to Action are to • Promote oral health • Improve quality of life • Eliminate oral health disparities
A. Yacoub, MS, RDN • W. Karmally, Dr PH, RD, CDE, CLS, FNLA (*) Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th St, PH10-310, New York, NY 10032, USA e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] J.M. Rippe (ed.), Nutrition in Lifestyle Medicine, Nutrition and Health, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-43027-0_10, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017
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A. Yacoub and W. Karmally
Dental disease is a worldwide problem, both in developed and developing countries, resulting in a global economic burden due to direct treatment costs and indirect costs related to decreased work productivity. Estimates from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study found that the yearly global indirect and direct costs for oral diseases amounted to $144 billion and $298 billion, respectively [3]. Two of the most common and prevalent infectious oral diseases include dental caries and periodontal diseases; however, poor oral health is associated with a myriad of other diseases such as diabetes, autoimmune disorders, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), eating disorders, cardiovascular disease, and oropharyngeal cancer [4]. Medication regimens can also increase risk of oral problems [5]. Medical nutrition therapy can reduce the risk of oral infections and improve the outcome of treatment of patients with oral manifestations of acute and chronic diseases. Nutrition and oral health are interdependent and influence individuals’ overall health status in numerous ways throughout the lifecycle. Oral health extends beyond teeth. Good health begins in the mouth for a very simple
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