Occupational Health Disparities among Racial and Ethnic Minorities: Lessons from Diverse Research Frameworks
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Occupational Health Disparities among Racial and Ethnic Minorities: Lessons from Diverse Research Frameworks Deepshikha Chatterjee 1
& Frederick
T. L. Leong 2
Received: 6 February 2020 / Revised: 8 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The current paper aims to advance research on occupational health disparities among racial and ethnic minorities. We review the historical context and development of the field of occupational health disparities, and review a diverse set of national research frameworks. Our work is based on the Diversified Portfolio Model (DPM) of adaptability (Chandra and Leong 2016) which maintains that diversification promotes greater adaptability. Since diversification bestows adaptive advantages in multiple arenas of human endeavor, we proposed that an analysis of diverse theoretical models for studying occupational health disparities would also benefit the field of Occupational Health Science. The theoretical frameworks reviewed include: (a) The National Institute of Aging’s (NIA) health disparities framework, (b) An Epidemiological Framework, (c) The Transformation for Health Framework, and (d) The Cultural Adaptations Framework. We summarize lessons and highlight the need for incorporating change perspectives, prevention-oriented approaches, and mixed-methods approaches to address occupational health disparities. Keywords Occupational health disparities . Racial and ethnic minorities . Diversified
Portfolio Model Racial and ethnic minority groups have a disproportionate share of disease, disability, and premature death compared to the general population (Leong et al. 2017). Such disparate impact has been observed across different fields ranging from health to education and various explanations for these effects have been posited (Haider et al. 2013; Mekawi and Bresin 2015; Nguyen and Ryan 2008; Pascoe and Smart Richman * Deepshikha Chatterjee [email protected]
1
Salem State University, 352 Lafayette St, MH224B, Salem, MA 01970, USA
2
Michigan State University, 316 Physics Road, Suite 136, East Lansing, MI 48224, USA
Occupational Health Science
2009; Tenenbaum and Ruck 2007; Vaughn et al. 2019). Our goal in the current paper is to describe a variety of frameworks in the Occupational Health Disparities, a subfield of Occupational Health Psychology (OHP), that address these disparities and to explain why these different frameworks are a strength rather than a limitation of this field. We will first begin with a brief historical overview of Occupational Health Disparities, and will then propose how the Diversified Portfolio Model (Chandra and Leong 2016) may be leveraged to learn from the diverse frameworks. The selected models include the National Institute of Aging framework (NIA; Hill et al. 2015), two system level frameworks including the Epidemiological framework (Kilbourne et al. 2006) and Transformation for Health framework (Esperat et al. 2005), and the Cultural Adaptations framework (Bernal and Domenech Rodriguez 2012). For ea
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