Occurrence of tomato leaf mold caused by novel race 2.4.9 of Cladosporium fulvum in Japan
- PDF / 682,829 Bytes
- 4 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 60 Downloads / 217 Views
DISEASE NOTE
Occurrence of tomato leaf mold caused by novel race 2.4.9 of Cladosporium fulvum in Japan Kandai Yoshida1,3 · Shunsuke Asano1,4 · Hirotoshi Sushida2,5 · Yuichiro Iida2,6 Received: 17 March 2020 / Accepted: 8 May 2020 © The Phytopathological Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Leaf mold disease caused by Cladosporium fulvum appeared on tomato cultivars carrying the Cf-9 resistance gene in Nara Prefecture, Japan, in 2018. We inoculated a differential set of tomato cultivar with six isolates of the fungus and identified two isolates as race 2.9 and four as 2.4.9. We also sequenced their Avr and mating-type genes. All Avr alleles have been found previously in Japanese populations of C. fulvum, but the genotypes of both races were new, suggesting that these isolates have newly emerged in Nara Prefecture. Keywords Cladosporium fulvum · Passalora fulva · Fulvia fulva · Race · Effector
Introduction Leaf mold caused by Cladosporium fulvum Cooke [syn. Fulvia fulva (Cooke) Cif., Passalora fulva (Cooke) Braun and Crous] is the most common disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in high humidity such as in a greenhouse. The fungus secretes avirulence effector proteins (Avr2, Avr4, Avr4E, Avr5, and Avr9) during infection of tomato to inhibit host immunity or to protect itself Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-020-00963-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yuichiro Iida [email protected] 1
Nara Prefecture Agricultural Research and Development Center, Sakurai, Nara, Japan
2
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kusawa 360, Tsu, Mie, Japan
3
Present Address: Nara Prefecture Livestock Division, Noboriohjicho 30, Nara, Japan
4
Present Address: Hokubu Agriculture and Forestry Development Center of Nara Prefecture, Manganji 60‑1, Yamatokoriyama, Nara, Japan
5
Present Address: National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ikenodai 2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
6
Present Address: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Nagaotoge‑cho 45‑1, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
(Stergiopoulos and de Wit 2009). Each of those effectors is recognized by the product of a corresponding dominant resistance gene (Cf-2, Cf-4, Cf-4E, Cf-5, and Cf-9) via the gene-for-gene interaction (Dixon et al. 1996, 1998; Jones et al. 1994; Takken et al. 1999; Thomas et al. 1997). Cf resistance genes have been introduced into commercial tomato cultivars, but C. fulvum can overcome Cf-mediated resistance by modifying its effector gene, leading to the development of new races. In Japan, 12 indigenous races adapted to the Cf-2, Cf-4, Cf-5, Cf-9, and Cf-11 resistance genes are known, of which six races (9, 2.9, 2.5.9, 4.9, 4.5.9, and 4.9.11) that overcome Cf-9-mediated resistance have appeared throughout the country since 2003 (Iida et al. 2015). Here, we determined the races within and the genetic relationships a
Data Loading...
