First report of white mold caused by Sclerotinia minor on safflower in Turkey
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First report of white mold caused by Sclerotinia minor on safflower in Turkey Ismail Erper 1,2 & Goksel Ozer 3 & Elif Yildirim 1 & Muharrem Turkkan 4 Received: 9 November 2019 / Accepted: 3 March 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Keywords Carthamus tinctorius . Sclerotinia minor . ITS region Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is cultivated for oil that can be derived from its seeds and natural dyes in the petals of its flower. In May 2019, wilting of plants with white cottony mycelia, water-soaked lesions and dark-irregular shaped sclerotia (0.7 to 3.8 mm) on stem bases were observed with a general incidence of 6% in two fields surveyed in Samsun province, Turkey. Collected sclerotia were surface disinfected in 5% NaOCl for 3 min and then placed on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Petri plates were incubated at room temperature for five days, and white fluffy mycelia and small, black irregularly shaped sclerotia (diameter < 2.2 mm) were abundantly formed on PDA. Based on the morphological features, all isolates were tentatively identified as Sclerotinia minor Jagger (Kohn 1979). A reference isolate (TR-Sm-78) was deposited in culture collection of the Mycology Laboratory of the Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University (Accession No: OMU-ZRT 2019–055). The species-specific primers SMLcc2F/SMLcc2 based on laccase 2 gene sequence produced 264 bp products for two isolates,
confirming the identification (Abd-Elmagid et al. 2013). The sequences of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of the isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. MN421821-MN421822) showed 100% and 99.81% identity to those of S. minor isolates CBS 339.39 (KF859929) and CBS 112.17 (MH854661), respectively. To confirm the pathogenicity of two isolates, the stems of four-week-old safflower (cv. Linas) seedlings were inoculated at the soil line with mycelial plugs (1-cm-dia.) obtained from the edge of an actively growing colony on PDA. Control seedlings were inoculated with uncolonized PDA plugs. Three pots, each containing one plants, were inoculated for each isolate. After seven days of incubation at 22 °C with a 14-h photoperiod, the symptoms identical to those on diseased plants in the field were observed on inoculated plants, while control plants remained symptomless. The pathogen was re-isolated from the symptomatic tissues and confirmed as described above, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of white mold caused by Sclerotinia minor on safflower in Turkey and worldwide (Farr and Rossman 2020).
* Ismail Erper [email protected]; [email protected]
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1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Atakum, Turkey
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz Turkish Manas University, 720044 Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030 Bolu, Tu
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