Ocean acidification may threaten a unique seaweed community and associated industry in the Baltic Sea
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23RD INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM, JEJU
Ocean acidification may threaten a unique seaweed community and associated industry in the Baltic Sea Liina Pajusalu 1 & Gerli Albert 1 & Evangeline Fachon 2 & Christopher D. Hepburn 3 & Jonne Kotta 1 & Kiran Liversage 1 & Tiina Paalme 1 & Anneliis Peterson 1 & Daniel W. Pritchard 3,4 & Arno Põllumäe 1 & Kaire Torn 1 & Georg Martin 1 Received: 28 June 2019 / Revised and accepted: 16 September 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Wild harvest of seaweed supports small-scale, high-value industries in a number of regions in the world. Information is lacking on how increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in seawater could impact seaweeds in wild harvest situations. This study focuses on a mixed unattached loose-lying red algal community of Furcellaria lumbricalis in close association with Coccotylus truncatus that is found in the West Estonian Archipelago Sea, NE Baltic Sea. In Estonian coastal waters, the wild harvest of F. lumbricalis started in 1960s and it has since been used as raw material for furcellaran production. The aim of this study was to determine how ocean acidification may impact the balance of these two red algal species in the community. Mechanistic assessment of the carbon physiology of F. lumbricalis and C. truncatus was used to predict productivity and competitive interactions between these species in a high-CO2 world. Carbon use strategies in macroalgae were determined by analysing the natural abundances of carbon isotopes (δ13C), pH drift experiments and photosynthesis vs. dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) curves. Photosynthesis of F. lumbricalis (operating with a CO2 concentrating mechanism or CCM) performed worse along the broader range of DIC concentrations compared to C. truncatus (non-CCM), especially those characterized under future climate conditions. Therefore, changing seawater carbon chemistry through ocean acidification has the potential to influence the balance of F. lumbricalis and C. truncatus in the community and the efficiency of the wild harvest of this community and the quality of product provided. Keywords Brackish water . Carbon dioxide . Carbon physiology . Coccotylus truncatus . Furcellaria lumbricalis . Ocean acidification . Rhodophyta
Introduction Wild harvest of seaweed supports small-scale, high-value industries in a number of regions in the world (Rebours et al. 2014; Buschmann et al. 2017; FAO 2018). Globally, wild harvest of seaweed has been stable at slightly over 1 million tons (wet weight) for the last decade (West et al. 2017). Ensuring
* Liina Pajusalu [email protected] 1
Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
2
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
3
Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
4
Te Ao Tūroa, Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu, Dunedin, New Zealand
sustainability of wild harvest is a primary concern for industries supported by natural seaweed communities (Mac Mo
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