A Systems Analysis of the Baltic Sea
During recent decades, large-scale effects of pollution on marine estuaries and even entire enclosed coastal seas have become apparent. One of the first regions where this was observed is the Baltic Sea, whereby the appearance of anoxic deep basins, exten
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Edited by M.M. Caldwell, Logan, USA G. Heldmaier, Marburg, Germany O.L. Lange, Wiirzburg, Germany H.A. Mooney, Stanford, USA E.-D. Schulze, Jena, Germany U. Sommer, Kiel, Germany
Ecological Studies Volumes published since 1995 are listed at the end of this book.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
F. v. Wulff L.A. Rahm
P. Larsson (Eds.)
A Systems Analysis of the Baltic Sea
With 151 Figures, 6 in Color, and 60 Tables
Springer
Prof. Dr. Fredrik V. Wulff University of Stockholm Department of Systems Ecology 10691 Stockholm Sweden Praf. Dr. Lars A. Rahm Linkoping University Department ofWater and Environmental Studies 58183 Linkoping Sweden Prof. Dr. Per Larsson Lund University Ecotoxicology Department of Ecology Ecology Building 22362 Lund Sweden ISSN 0070-8356 ISBN 978-3-642-08727-1 Ubrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. A systems analysis of the Baltic Sea I Fredrik V. Wulff, Lars A. Rabm, Per Larsson (eds.). p. cm. - (Ecological studies ; v. 148) Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 978-3-642-08727-1 ISBN 978-3-662-04453-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-04453-7
1. Marine ecology-Baltic Sea. 22. Pollution-Environmental aspects-Baltic Sea. I. Wuiff, Fredrik. II. Rahm, Lars A., 1948- III. Larsson, Per. IV. Series
QH92.7.S97222001 577.7'334-dc21
00-045707
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Preface
During recent decades, it has become apparent that human influences on aquatic ecosystems are no longer restricted to freshwater and marine coastal regions, but are affecting entire seas like the Baltic and Mediterranean. Widespread anoxia in deep water and sediments, increased sedimentation and massive plankton blooms are some effects caused by large-scale processes. Eutrophication, caused by increased inputs of nutrient or organic matter to the sea, is the ultimate process behind many of these changes. Other effects, l
