Offshore Wind Energy: Resource Assessment
Recent advancements in technologies and increased attention towards renewable energy sources have made offshore wind energy systems as one of the largest and significant electrical power generators. In this chapter, fundamentals of offshore wind energy ph
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Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Status of Offshore Wind Energy 2 Offshore Wind Energy Conversion System 3 Wind Resource Assessment 3.1 Different Types of Data Sets 3.2 Significant Parameters Involved in Resource Assessment 3.3 Resource Estimation Models 3.4 Wind Energy Estimation Models 3.5 Key Issues in Resource Assessment 4 Summary References
Abstract Recent advancements in technologies and increased attention towards renewable energy sources have made offshore wind energy systems as one of the largest and significant electrical power generators. In this chapter, fundamentals of offshore wind energy physics along with resource assessment methodology are described in detail. The process of resource assessment consists of the use of different data sets, different resource and energy estimation models. Wind, being an intermittent resource for power generation, mandates statistical methods to estimate the parameters with uncertainties. Researchers have employed several methodologies to assess offshore wind power density using resource estimation models and geographical information systems. Present chapter will be beneficial in getting familiar with the wind resource data analysis and different aspects of resource assessment.
G. Nagababu and V. S. K. V. Harish (*) School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University (PDPU), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India e-mail: [email protected] Pankaj Pathak and Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava (eds.), Alternative Energy Resources: The Way to a Sustainable Modern Society, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_630, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
G. Nagababu and V. S. K. V. Harish
Keywords Data sets, Offshore wind, Resource assessment, Statistical models, Wind atlas, Wind turbine
1 Introduction Wind energy is implied type of solar energy generated due to the warming of the earth exterior and rotation of earth on its axis [1]. The air in the contact with surface absorbs the heat and moves upwards, whereas the denser and colder moves downwards; this generates vertical movement of the air. Moreover, the distribution of heat around the globe is different as the equatorial part gets more heat than the polar regions. Owing to achieve equilibrium, the denser air moves towards the less dense air which generates the lateral movement of air. These both vertical and lateral movements of air particles are termed as wind. Additionally, the rotation of earth on its axis generated Coriolis effect (CE) that causes winds to deviate towards right side (clockwise) of its direction in northern hemisphere and towards left side (counterclockwise) of its direction in southern hemisphere (refer Figs. 1 and 2). CE is most significant near the polar regions and nominal near the equator. The offshore wind energy means the wind energy available at the marine regions, i.e. water surfaces of seas and oceans. Offshore wind energy is an ample and untapped source of renewable energy available all over the globe in different intensities. The harvesting of offshore wind energy is an intricate engine
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