Oil sludge washing with surfactants and co-solvents: oil recovery from different types of oil sludges
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Oil sludge washing with surfactants and co-solvents: oil recovery from different types of oil sludges Diego Ramirez 1 & Liz J. Shaw 1 & Chris D. Collins 1 Received: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Different physicochemical and biological treatments have been used to treat oil sludges, and oil recovery techniques are preferred such as oil sludge washing (OSW) with surfactants and co-solvents. Toluene is commonly used as co-solvent, but it is non-benign to the environment. This study tested alternative co-solvents (n-pentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, and isooctane) at 1:1 and 2:1 C/ OS (co-solvent to oil sludge ratio). Also, this study evaluated the effect on the oil recovery rate (ORR) of three main parameters in the washing: type, concentration, and application ratio (S/OS) of surfactants to oil sludges. To date, no study has assessed these parameters in the washing of oil sludges from different sources. Four types of oil sludges and five surfactants (Triton X-100 and X-114, Tween 80, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and rhamnolipid) were used. The results showed that cyclohexane had high ORR and could be used instead of toluene because it is more benign to the environment. The S/OS ratio had a high effect on the ORR and depended on the type of oil sludge. Rhamnolipid, Triton X-100, and Triton X-114 had the highest oil recovery rates (40 – 70%). In addition, it was found that the surfactant concentration had no effect on the ORR. Consequently, the addition of surfactant was not significantly different compared to the washing with no surfactants, except for one sludge. The use of the surfactant in the washing solution can help in the selective extraction of specific oil hydrocarbon fractions in the recovered oil to assess its potential reuse as fuel. Further recommendations were given to improve the OSW process. Keywords Oil sludge washing (OSW) . Surfactants . Co-solvents . Oil recovery rate (ORR) . Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) . Cyclohexane . Rhamnolipid
Abbreviations C/OS Co-solvent to oil sludge ratio CMC Critical micelle concentration EPH Extractable petroleum hydrocarbons HSP Hansen Solubility Parameter Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10591-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Diego Ramirez [email protected] Liz J. Shaw [email protected] Chris D. Collins [email protected] 1
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DW, UK
NSC ODS ORR OSW RS SDS S/OS SPE STS WSS
Oil refinery sludge Oil drilling sludge Oil recovery rate Oil sludge washing Waste engine oil sludge from centrifugation Sodium dodecyl sulphate Surfactant to oil sludge ratio Solid-phase extraction Waste engine oil sludge from gravitational settling Oil-water separator sludge.
Introduction Oil sludges are hazardous wastes from the oil industry which are mainly comprised o
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