On the Dependence of Critical Velocity on the Material Properties During Cold Spray Process
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On the Dependence of Critical Velocity on the Material Properties During Cold Spray Process Lopamudra Palodhi1
•
Harpreet Singh1
Submitted: 27 January 2020 / in revised form: 16 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 Ó ASM International 2020
Abstract Optimization of the cold spray process is extremely challenging due to the involvement of a large number of process parameters as well as material properties. Modern approaches for modeling the cold spray process have relied largely on numerical simulations. In this paper, we shall present a simplified mathematical model which will be benchmarked against experimental and numerical measurements available in the literature and demonstrate that the model shows reasonable agreement with real-world observations. We will present a parametric study using this model and identify the factors that strongly affect the cold spray process, which can be used for identifying and optimizing the process parameters and the material properties. Keywords cold spray contact mechanics DMT model Hollomon equation thermal spray List e ef k r n Use Ure e er
of Symbols Plastic strain Final strain Strength coefficient Stress Strain hardening exponent Strain energy Rebound energy Coefficient of restitution Recoil coefficient
& Lopamudra Palodhi [email protected]; [email protected] Harpreet Singh [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
mp vp vcr ryp Ep Es E* Dc ls lp qp dp a Rp Rs R F r h Cd C2 Rg Ld P0 T0 A B C m e_ e_0 T* Tm Tr
Particle mass Particle velocity Critical velocity Effective yield stress Elastic modulus of the particle Elastic modulus of the substrate Effective elastic modulus Difference in interface energy between the colliding bodies Poisson’s ratio of the substrate Poisson’s ratio of the particle Particle density Particle diameter Contact radius Radius of the particle Radius of the substrate Effective radius on elastic collision Applied force on the substrate Radius of the spherical cap Height of the spherical cap Particle drag coefficient Fitting parameter Gas constant Nozzle divergent length Inlet pressure/gas stagnation pressure Inlet temperature/gas stagnation temperature Yield stress Hardening constant Strain rate constant Thermal softening exponent Strain rate Normalizing reference strain rate Normalized reference temperature Melting temperature Reference temperature
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J Therm Spray Tech
Introduction Cold spray (CS) process is a relatively newer addition in the group of thermal spray techniques, wherein an inert gas is used as a carrier for metallic particles to be deposited on a substrate, with the particles impacting the substrate at a low temperature. Essentially, the process of cold spray relies more on kinetic energy and less on thermal energy (Ref 1). Lower impact temperatures involved in cold spray, as compared to other thermal spray methods, make this technique less prone to oxidation and are ideal for development of indu
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