On the holistic validation of electronic materials compound for irradiation study - Experimental and calculated results
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On the holistic validation of electronic materials compound for irradiation study - Experimental and calculated results Thomas Frosio1 · Nabil Menaa1 · Matteo Magistris1 · Chris Theis1 Received: 8 June 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Due to the large variations of chemical compositions in electronic material, the estimation of the radionuclide inventory following irradiation represents a technical challenge at CERN high-energy particle accelerators. In particular, the activation of printed circuit boards is of concern to the CERN experiments as they are widely used for various purposes ranging from safety systems to sub-detector controls. Because of maintenance operations, part of this equipment has to be removed from the accelerator machines. The literature provides a variety of compositions for electronic materials, leaving the problematic selection of the most appropriate composition for an activation study to the reader. In this article, we discuss two reference chemical compositions on the basis of a statistical analysis of large datasets of gamma spectroscopy results, and on ActiWiz calculations which take into account different activation scenarios at CERN. These results can be extended to electronic material irradiated in other particle accelerators. Keywords Nuclide inventories · Electronic components · ActiWiz · Activation calculation
Introduction Operating a high-energy proton accelerator like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) presents numerous challenges with respect to operational radiation protection and the assessment of possible radiation risks. The activation of material is of great interest both in view of maintenance and for waste disposal at the end of its life cycle. In particular, the activation of printed circuit boards (PCB) is of concern to the CERN experiments as they are widely used for various purposes ranging from safety systems to sub-detector controls. Because of maintenance operations, part of this equipment has to be removed from the accelerator machines. It is then temporarily stored awaiting radiological classification, followed by repair and reuse, or by final disposal as waste. Both reuse and final disposal require knowledge of the radionuclide inventory of such material or at least a reasonably penalizing radionuclide inventory. The purpose of this work is to provide a consistent and viable chemical composition to perform numerical * Thomas Frosio [email protected] 1
Radiation Protection Group, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
simulation studies that yields reasonable results. These simulations are of interest for predicting the radionuclide inventory during design, operations, and waste elimination phases. Numerical simulations depend on activation scenario and chemical compositions. Of course, the activation scenarios (primary particle energy, location in the accelerator, irradiation and cooling times) have a huge impact on the radionuclide inventory but they are generally well known or treated statistically in a way to
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