On the natural convection of nanofluids in diverse shapes of enclosures: an exhaustive review
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On the natural convection of nanofluids in diverse shapes of enclosures: an exhaustive review Mohamad Sadegh Sadeghi1 · Naghmeh Anadalibkhah2 · Ramin Ghasemiasl3 · Taher Armaghani2 · Abdul Sattar Dogonchi4 · Ali J. Chamkha5 · Hafiz Ali6 · Amin Asadi7,8 Received: 3 August 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract The ultimate goal of the present review paper is to summarize and discuss the findings of the most recently published literature on natural convection of nanofluids in various enclosures. The review covers five different geometries of enclosures: square, circular, triangular, trapezoidal, and unconventional geometries. The core findings of the reviewed papers are summarized and tabulated in a table. Moreover, the relation between the thermophysical properties and the way they affect each other is demonstrated for different geometries of enclosures. Various numerical methods, such as finite difference, finite volume, and finite element methods, as well as different microscopic models, such as single-phase and two-phase models, are considered in this review. Keywords Natural convection · Exhaustive review · Cavity · Nanofluid · Numerical simulation · Thermophysical properties Abbreviations Nu Nusselt Ra Rayleigh Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10222-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Amin Asadi [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Department of Engineering, Mahdishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahdishahr, Iran
2
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
5
Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Endowment for Nanoscience and Technology, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al‑Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
6
Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
7
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
8
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
Ha Hartmann Le Lewis Pr Prandtl LBM Lattice Boltzmann Method RSM Response surface method EMM Eulerian mixture model EEM Eulerian–Eulerian model MHD Magnetohydrodynamic Gr Grashof
Introduction It is known that low thermal conductivity and critical heat flux would be considered as the main weaknesses of conventional fluids, such as oil, water, and ethylene glycol (EG) [1–3]. Masuda et al. [4] are among the first researchers who tried to enhance the thermal conductivity of conventional fluids by adding nanosized particles that possess higher thermal conductivity compared to the base fluids. Literature shows that Maxwell [5] introduced the very first idea of the suspensions of solid particles
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