Review on the recent progress in the preparation and stability of graphene-based nanofluids
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Review on the recent progress in the preparation and stability of graphene‑based nanofluids Thong Le Ba1 · Omid Mahian2,3,4 · Somchai Wongwises4,5 · Imre Miklós Szilágyi1 Received: 25 September 2019 / Accepted: 20 January 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Graphene has attracted much attention from the science world because of its mechanical, thermal, and physical properties. Graphene nanofluid is well known for its easy synthesis, longer suspension stability, higher heat conductivity, lower erosion, corrosion, larger surface area/volume ratio, and lower demand for pumping power. This article is an audit of experimental outcome about the preparation and stability of graphene-based nanofluids. Numerous researches to prepare and stabilize graphene-based nanofluids have been developed, and it is indispensable to create a complete list of the approaches. This research work outlines the advancement on preparation and assessment methods and the techniques to enhance the stability of graphene nanofluids and outlook prospects. Keywords Graphene · Nanofluids · Synthesis · Stability Abbreviations AFM Atomic force microscopy BF Base fluid CVD Chemical vapor deposition DI Deionized water DLS Dynamic light scattering DW Distilled water EC Electrical conductivity EG Ethylene glycol GIC Graphite intercalation compound GIO Graphite oxide
* Thong Le Ba [email protected] 1
Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rakpart 3, Budapest 1111, Hungary
2
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
3
Center for Advanced Technologies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
4
Fluid Mechanics, Thermal Engineering and Multiphase Flow Research Laboratory (FUTURE Lab.), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
5
The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Sanam Suea Pa, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
GNF Graphene-based nanofluid GNP Graphene nanoplatelet GNS Graphene nanosheet GO Graphene oxide GON Graphene oxide nanosheet GONF Graphene oxide nanofluid HM Hummers method MHM Modified Hummers method MWCNT Multiwalled carbon nanotube NDG Nitrogen-doped graphene PSD Particle size distributions rGO Reduced graphene oxide SBM Supplied by manufacturer SEM Scanning electron microscopy SHM Simplified Hummers method SPC Sedimentation photograph capturing SWCNT Single-wall carbon nanotube TC Thermal conductivity TEM Transmission electron microscopy ZPT Zeta potential test
Introduction Nanofluids, coined by Choi and Eastman [1], are colloidal suspensions of ultrafine metallic or nonmetallic particles in a base matrix host fluid. Some essential requirements should be met, for example, steady-state suspension,
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low agglomeration of nanoparticles, and the BF should be chemically unchanged. Nanofluids can be divided i
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