On the Normal and the Pathological
by MICHEL FOUCAULT Everyone knows that in France there are few logicians but many historians of science; and that in the 'philosophical establishment' - whether teaching or research oriented - they have occupied a considerable position. But do we know pre
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STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF MODERN SCIENCE
Editors: ROBERT S. COHEN,
Boston University
ERWIN N. HIEBERT,
Harvard University
EVERETT I. MENDELSOHN,
Harvard University
VOLUME 3
GEORGES CANGUILHEM 1904-
GEORGES CANGUILHEM
ON THE NORMAL AND THE PATHOLOGICAL
Translated by
CAROLYN R. FAWCETT with editorial coUaboration of
ROBERT S. COHEN and an introduction by
MICHEL FOUCAULT
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT: HOLLAND I BOSTON: U.S.A. LONDON: ENGLAND
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Canguilhem, Georges, 1904On the normal and the pathological (Studies in the history of modem science; v. 3) Translation of Le normal et Ie pathologique, being in part the author's thesis, Strasbourg, 1943, with 3 additional essays. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Pathology - Philosophy. 2. Medicine - Philosophy. 1. Title. II. Series. 78-15015 RB112.C313 616.07'01 ISBN -13:978-90-277-0908-0 e-ISBN-13 :978-94-009-9853-7 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-9853-7
LE NORMAL ET LE PATHOLOGIQUE
Fint published by Presses Univmitaires de France, Paris, 1966
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P. O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland Sold and distributed in the U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Inc. Lincoln Building, 160 Old Derby Street, Hingham, Mass. 02043, U.S.A.
All Rights Reserved Original French version copyright © 1966 by Presses Universitaires de France This translation copyright © 1978 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1978
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any. means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION BY MICHEL FOUCAULT
ix xxi
TRANSLATORS'NOTE EDITORIAL NOTE
xxiii
FOREWORD
xxv
SECTION I ESSAY ON SOME PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE NORMAL AND THE PATHOLOGICAL (1943) PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION (1950)
3
INTRODUCTION
7
PART ONE. IS THE PATHOLOGICAL STATE MERELY A QUANTITATIVE MODIFICATION OF THE NORMAL STATE?
I. Introduction to the problem
II. III. IV. V.
11
Auguste Comte and 'Broussais's principle' Claude Bernard and experimental pathology The conceptions of Rene Leriche Implications of the theory
17
29 46 54
PART TWO. DO SCIENCES OF THE NORMAL AND THE PATHOLOGICAL EXIST?
I. Introduction to the problem II. A critical examination of certain concepts: the normal, anomaly, and disease; the normal and the experimental vii
63 69
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
III. Norm and average IV. Disease, cure, health V. Physiology and pathology
86 105
CONCLUSION
137
119
SECTION II NEW REFLECTIONS ON THE NORMAL AND THE PATHOLOGICAL
(1963-1966) Twenty years later ...
141
I. From the social to the vital II. On organic norms in man III. A new concept in pathology: error
145 159 171
EPILOGUE
181
NOTES TO SECTION I
183
BIBLIOGRAPHY TO SECTION I
187
NOTES TO SECTION II
193
BI
