On the Tendency of the Co-, Ni-, and Fe-Based Melts to the Bulk Amorphization
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INTRODUCTION
BULK amorphization of metal melts is currently the most promising way to obtain bulk materials thicker than 1 mm with high level properties due to their special structure. One of the ways to obtain bulk amorphous alloys (BAAs) is quenching from the liquid phase, which is realized at a cooling rate of ~1–103 K/s, and the thickness of the amorphous layer can be up to several centimeters.[1–3] At first, much attention was paid to BAAs based on Pd, Zr, Mg, Ti, and La, as they exhibit the greatest glass-forming ability. However, the high cost of raw alloy components, strong interaction with the crucible material, and suboptimal combination of properties limit the fields of their practical application. In this regard, researchers have given much attention recently to the development of new BAAs based on 3-d metal of the Fe group.[4–7] These alloys have a relatively high GFA with a thickness of amorphous layer from 1 to 12 mm,[4] which is lower than for the best BAAs based on Zr and Pd. However, their production is of great IRINA V. STERKHOVA, Scientist, and LARISA V. KAMAEVA, Senior Staff Scientist, are with the Physical-Technical Institute of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Kirov Str., Izhevsk, Russia 426000. Contact e-mail: [email protected] VLADIMIR I. LAD’YANOV, Head of Department of Structural-Phase Transformations, is with the Physical-Technical Institute of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, and also with Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg, Russia 620002. NADEZHDA V. UMNOVA and PAVEL P. UMNOV, Senior Staff Scientists, are with the A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, Russia 119991. Manuscript submitted February 8, 2016. Article published online September 1, 2016 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
practical importance considering their high level properties (magnetic, strength, and corrosion resistive characteristics) and the broad prospects to use them as structural and functional materials.[8,9] The Co65.5Fe6.5Si18B10, Ni64.4Fe4Cr4.9Mn2B16.2C0.5 Si8, and Fe50Cr15Mo14C15B6 alloys, which exhibit different tendencies to the bulk amorphization, were selected as the subjects of the study. The Co-based alloy is characterized by the composition close to eutectic and exhibits a high tendency to amorphization under rapid quenching (at a cooling rate of 106 K/c).[10,11] The compositions of the alloys based on Ni and Fe studied in this article were suggested by groups of Russian[6,12] and Japanese[8,13] researchers, respectively, according to different approaches for the selection of alloys with high GFA. The composition of the Ni64.4Fe4Cr4.9Mn2 B16.2C0.5Si8 alloy was proposed by Kovneristy and co-workers[6,12] using the idea of the eutectic interaction between the clusters with the structure of the ‘‘phase glassformers’’ during melt solidification. The choice of the Fe50Cr15Mo14C15B6 alloy composition was based on the empiric
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