On the Thermal Characterization of a Fire Induced Smoke-Layer in Semi-confined Compartments
The present work deals with a comparative study on various methods for thermal characterisation of a fire-induced smoke layer. A focus is made on models predicting both excess temperature and mean thickness of the smoke layer. These models are either ther
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stract The present work deals with a comparative study on various methods for thermal characterisation of a fire-induced smoke layer. A focus is made on models predicting both excess temperature and mean thickness of the smoke layer. These models are either thermodynamic based model, dynamic based-model or experimental based-model. According to the considered models, a preliminary dimensioning is performed for smoke and heat evacuation systems (SHEVS). The obtained results are discussed and confronted with those provided by thermodynamic calculations based on US and European standards. List of Symbols Ai ; AtNV c; cp Ce ; Ci ; CV g H h_ K _ _ M m; p Pf _ Q_ c Q; r T V
Ventilation area Specific heat, calorific specific capacity at constant pressure Thermodynamic model constants Sea level gravity Ceiling height Instantaneous thermal release rate Mc Caffrey model constant Mass flow rate Hydrodynamic pressure Pool fire perimeter Fire heat release rate (HRR), Convective part of HRR Radial distance from the fire axis Static temperature Volume
A. Benarous (&) S. Agred L. Loukarfi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hassiba Benbouali University, Chlef, Algeria e-mail: [email protected] S. Agred L. Loukarfi LCEMSM Laboratory, Hay Essalem, Chlef, Algeria A. Liazid LTE Laboratory, National Polytechnic School (E.N.P), Oran, Algeria © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 T. Boukharouba et al. (eds.), Applied Mechanics, Behavior of Materials, and Engineering Systems, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41468-3_41
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~ V Z; z0 g c q P 1 NV S Steady
Velocity vector Vertical distance, virtual fire source height Mc Caffrey model constant Smoke isentropic ratio Density Dynamic pressure Ambient (fresh air) conditions Natural ventilation Smoke conditions Steady state conditions
Acronyms FDS LES NIST RANS SHEVS
Fire Dynamic Simulator Large Eddy Simulation National Institute of Standards and Technology Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Smoke and Heat Evacuation Systems
1 Introduction Fire engineering is a field that lies on a common interface between reactive flows, heat transfer and structural mechanics. This field has crossed the boundaries of academic research to establish itself as a fundamental prerequisite in the profession exercise for fire fighters, building engineers and industrial safety policies [1]. Fire safety engineering strategies are specifically managed at the design step of industrial infrastructure, public buildings (ERP) as well as collective homes. The complex and coupled phenomena involved in fire engineering require not only experimental investigations but also multiphysics modelling in order to ensure safety for people and reliability for structures. In this context, particular attention is paid to thermal and dynamic characterization of smoke flows that unlike flames are not localized but contribute to heat and toxic gases spreading. It is also important to know how to carry out predictive calculations for SHEVS in order to evacuate or at lea
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