On the Use of Satellite Remote Sensing to Detect Floods and Droughts at Large Scales
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On the Use of Satellite Remote Sensing to Detect Floods and Droughts at Large Scales T. Lopez1,2 · A. Al Bitar3 · S. Biancamaria4 · A. Güntner5,6 · A. Jäggi7 Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Article highlights • Each component of the terrestrial water storage is a key hydrological variable to understand floods and drought events • Their monitoring at river basin scale and over long periods of time is facilitated by largescale sensors. • The combination of Earth observations with other datasets can be an asset for the prediction ofhydrological events and for monitoring.
* T. Lopez [email protected] A. Al Bitar [email protected] S. Biancamaria [email protected]‑mip.fr A. Güntner andreas.guentner@gfz‑potsdam.de A. Jäggi [email protected] 1
Institut de Recherche Technologique (IRT) Saint-Exupéry - Fondation STAE, GET, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
2
International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
3
CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, UPS, 13 avenue du Colonel Roche, 31400 Toulouse, France
4
LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse 31400, France
5
Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473 Telegrafenberg, Germany
6
Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
7
Astronomical Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Surveys in Geophysics
Abstract Hydrological extremes, in particular floods and droughts, impact all regions across planet Earth. They are mainly controlled by the temporal evolution of key hydrological variables like precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, groundwater storage, surface water storage and discharge. Precise knowledge of the spatial and temporal evolution of these variables at the scale of river basins is essential to better understand and forecast floods and droughts. In this article, we present recent advances on the capability of Earth observation (EO) sat‑ ellites to provide global monitoring of floods and droughts. The local scale monitoring of these events which is traditionally done using high-resolution optical or SAR (synthetic aperture radar) EO and in situ data will not be addressed. We discuss the applications of moderate- to low-spatial-resolution space-based observations, e.g., satellite gravimetry (GRACE and GRACE-FO), passive microwaves (i.e. SMOS) and satellite altimetry (i.e. the JASON series and the Copernicus Sentinel missions), with supporting examples. We examine the benefits and drawbacks of integrating these EO datasets to better monitor and understand the processes at work and eventually to help in early warning and manage‑ ment of flood and drought events. Their main advantage is their large monitoring scale that provides a “big picture” or synoptic view of the event that cannot be achieved with
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