One-pot fabrication of dual-emission and single-emission biomass carbon dots for Cu 2+ and tetracycline sensing and mult
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RESEARCH PAPER
One-pot fabrication of dual-emission and single-emission biomass carbon dots for Cu2+ and tetracycline sensing and multicolor cellular imaging Lihui Wu 1 & Ruiqing Long 1 & Te Li 1 & Cui Tang 2,3 & Xia Tong 1 & Ying Guo 2,3 & Shuyun Shi 1 & Haiyan Xiang 4 & Chaoying Tong 1 Received: 9 June 2020 / Revised: 6 August 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Dual-emission and single-emission carbon dots (DCDs and SCDs) have been simultaneously synthesized by one-pot solvothermal treatment of leek. Different graphitization and surface functionalization were responsible for their distinction in fluorescence characteristics. DCDs with an average size of 5.6 nm exhibited two emissions at 489 and 676 nm under 420-nm excitation. Complexation between DCDs’ surface porphyrins and Cu2+ led to quenching of the 676-nm emission, which resulted in the ratiometric determination of Cu2+ with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.085 μM. SCDs, containing additional sulfur element (0.50%) with an average size of 7.7 nm, presented a single emission at 440 nm under 365-nm excitation. The static quenching and inner filter effects between SCDs and tetracyclines (TCs) made SCDs a fluorescence nanoprobe for TCs’ determination with LODs of 0.26–0.48 μM. Applications of DCDs and SCDs for respective determination of Cu2+ and TCs in milk and pig liver samples were successfully demonstrated. Moreover, good photostability, low toxicity, and outstanding biocompatibility made DCDs and SCDs suitable for multicolor cellular imaging. Results indicate that natural products are excellent raw materials to controllably synthesize CDs with prominent physicochemical and fluorescence properties.
Keywords Carbon dots . Fluorescence sensing . Copper ion . Tetracyclines . Cellular imaging
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02882-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ying Guo [email protected] * Shuyun Shi [email protected] * Haiyan Xiang [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
2
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
3
Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
4
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
Carbon dots (CDs), a new kind of fluorescent carbon materials initially discovered in 2004 with size below 10 nm, have triggered tremendous attention due to their fascinating properties, including but not limited to facile preparation, tunable emission colors, high photostability, good chemical inertness, excellent biocompatibility, and low toxicity [1–4]. Thus, CDs are gaining the limelight in multifunctional sensing, biomedical imaging, drug delivery, photocatalysis, optoelectronic device, an
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