One-pot synthesis of tungsten oxide nanostructured for enhanced photocatalytic organic dye degradation
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One-pot synthesis of tungsten oxide nanostructured for enhanced photocatalytic organic dye degradation T. Govindaraj1, C. Mahendran1,*
, V. S. Manikandan2, and R. Suresh1
1
Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641 020, India 2 Functional Materials and Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nano Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
Received: 23 December 2019
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 21 August 2020
Herein, WO3 nanorods have been prepared by simple hydrothermal method with the assistance of Na2SO4 as a structure-directing agent (SDA). The impact of SDA concentrations on the structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic performance of WO3 nanoparticles has been investigated. From XRD pattern, the phase transformation (monoclinic to hexagonal) was observed after adding SDA into WO3 matrix. Randomly oriented hexagonal WO3 nanorods were developed by the influence of SDA, which has been observed with FE-SEM analysis. The chemical composition and electronic structure of hexagonal WO3 nanorods photocatalyst were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The blue shift absorbance was recorded in UV–Vis spectrum. In the PL spectrum, the surface oxygen vacancy or defects were obtained at a wavelength of 520 and 552 nm. Also, the influence of defects in the WO3 nanorods facilitates to improve the photocatalytic dye degradation performance. The hexagonal WO3 nanorods prepared at 0.05 m of SDA exhibit maximum degradation efficiency of 86% under visible light exposure. Furthermore, the specific catalyst showed an excellent stability and reusability up to four consecutive cycles of photocatalytic dye degradation.
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Springer Science+Business
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1 Introduction The rapid growing industrialization is always a great threat to the ecosystems and environment. The environmental mortal peril rises with the constant release of toxic waste into the water body. Among the toxic wastes, most of them are dyes of different stable complex structures [1–4]. The synthetic dyes
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04309-3
are widely used in various industries, which results in the rapid increase of dye effluents. It is one of the main contributions to water contamination and strongly whacked on balancing nature [5, 6]. Semiconductor photocatalytic technique has stipulated intention towards the environmental application owing to their physico-chemical property, which has a great significance in the removal of
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
contaminants in water. Recently, nanostructured photocatalyst with definite morphology, shape, and size promotes the dye degradation efficiency of inorganic or organic pollutant [7]. However, semiconductor with wide band material impedes the light collection ability in visible region resulting in lower photocatalytic activity. Theref
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